BESS Frequency Regulation: Sɛnea Wɔbɛma MW ne MWh Kɛse

BESS frequency nhyehyɛede batere ahoɔden a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm, a ɛkɔ akwan abien so di dwuma de siesie bere tiaa-mframa a ɛnkari pɛ wɔ anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde ma ne nea wɔhwehwɛ ntam. Sɛ grid frequency no kɔ fam a, battery ahoɔden a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe no ma ahoɔden a ɛyɛ adwuma no fi hɔ. Sɛ frequency kɔ soro a, ɛbɔ na ɛtwe ahoɔden. Afifide sohwɛfo no, .ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma ho nhyehyɛe, tumi nsakrae nhyehyɛe ne batere nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe kyɛ saa adwuma yi, na wɔn mu biara betumi de ne ho asiw mmuae no ano.

Ahoɔhare ne ɔfã a ɛnyɛ den. Nnɛyi inverter-based BESS biara betumi asesa active power wɔ sekan anaa nea ennu saa mu. Nea ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia frequency-mmara adwuma bi nya sika no nyɛ nea ɛyɛ fɛ kɛse: ahoɔden dodow a wotumi de di dwuma ankasa wɔ tebea a wɔama ho kwan-a -charge window no mu, akyɛde dodow a ɛtra mita ne inverter no ntam, sɛ ebia mmara sɛnkyerɛnne no ma batere no kɔ ne kwan no awiei biako, ne sɛ ebia adwumayɛbea no twa nhyehyɛe no dwumayɛni no prequalification sɔhwɛ no mu wɔ mmɔden a edi kan no mu.

Saa akwankyerɛ yi nantew fa mmuae no ankasa mu, sizing akontabuo a ɛwɔ nhwɛsoɔ a wɔayɛ no yie, huammɔdi akwan a ɛda adi berɛ a wɔrehyɛ adwuma.

Dɛn Ne BESS Frequency Regulation?

Grid frequency kyerɛ bere ankasa -bere a ɛkari pɛ wɔ awo ntoatoaso ne nea wɔde di dwuma ntam. Sɛ ahwehwɛde boro awo ntoatoaso so a, mpɛn dodow a wɔhwehwɛ no so tew. Sɛ awo ntoatoaso boro nea wɔhwehwɛ so a, mpɛn dodow a wɔtaa yɛ no kɔ soro. Frequency-regulating resource sesa ne active tumi de boa ma wɔsan de saa kari pɛ no ba.

BESS betumi akɔ akwan abien no nyinaa so:

• Mmuae a ɛba mpɛn pii no:battery no ma ahoɔden kɔ grid no mu.
• Mmuae a wɔde ma boro so:battery no gye ahoɔden na ɛtwetwe ahoɔden fi grid no mu.

Amerika Atifi fam nhyehyɛe ahorow taa tu mmirika wɔ 60 Hz a wɔfrɛ no 60 Hz; Europa, UK ne nhyehyɛe afoforo pii dodow no ara tu mmirika wɔ 50 Hz. Activation thresholds, deadbands ne mmuaeɛ profile a wɔhwehwɛ no firi grid code ne system operator a ɛfata no hɔ, ɛnyɛ battery supplier no hɔ.

Nsonsonoe biako fata sɛ wosiesie ntɛm, efisɛ ɛma biribiara kɔ fam: frequency regulation yɛ atumiɔsom, backup tumi yɛ anahoɔdenasoɛeɛ. Mmara hwehwɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ nsakrae ntɛmntɛm, pɛpɛɛpɛ, mpɛn pii wɔ tumi mu a wɔsusuw wɔ sikɔne ne simma mu. Backup bisa sɛ wɔmfa nsunsuansoɔ a ɛkɔ so daa a wɔsusuu wɔ nnɔnhwereɛ mu. BESS biako betumi ayɛ abien no nyinaa, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma ne kɛse na wɔhwɛ so ma abien no nyinaa - na nnwuma abien no besi akan wɔ tebea koro a wɔde di dwuma ho.

Nea Enti a Grid Frequency Sesa

Wɔsɛe anyinam ahoɔden bere koro no ara a wɔyɛ no, enti nea ɛnhyia da adi ntɛm ara sɛ frequency deviation. Nneɛma a ɛtaa de ba ne generator akwantuo, transmission mfomsoɔ, mfiridwuma mu adesoa kɛseɛ a ɛredan, nsakraeɛ a ɛba mpofirim wɔ renewable output mu, nkɔmhyɛ mfomsoɔ, interconnector event anaa adesoa kɛseɛ a ɛtwa mu. Kɛse ne ahoɔhare a ɛkari pɛ no ma Rate of Change of Frequency, frequency nadir no mu dɔ ne nteɛso tumi dodow a nhyehyɛe no hia.

Synchronous generators kura mass a ɛkyinkyini a fi awosu mu ko tia frequency nsakrae a ɛba mpofirim. Solar PV, mframa adwumayɛbea dodow no ara ne BESS biara nam tumi ɛlɛtrɔnik so na ɛka bom mmom. Sɛnea inverter-gyinaso nneɛma besi synchronous fleet no fã bi ananmu no, less inherent rotational inertia wɔ hɔ, na ɛsɛ sɛ mmuae no pii fi inverter controls a wɔahyehyɛ no yiye ne contracted reserves mu. NERC ahotoso akwankyerɛ a ɛfaBPS-a ɛka batere ahoɔden akoraeɛ ne hybrid afifideɛ hodi frequency response a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm ho dwuma sɛ tumi a ɛsɛ sɛ BESS tumi de ma, na ɛkamfo adjustable droop gains ne deadbands kyerɛ wɔ charging ne discharging modes nyinaa mu, a nsakrae a ɛnyɛ den wɔ wɔn ntam.

Sɛnea BESS Frequency Regulation Yɛ Adwuma: Adeyɛ Baako, Nea Ɛto so Abien ne Nea Ɛto so Abien

Nsɛm dodow no ara ka nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ho asɛm. Mfaso wɔ so kɛse sɛ wubedi adeyɛ biako akyi denam afifide no so. Bere nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ aseɛ ha yi yɛ mfatoho a wɔayɛ adwuma ama 10 MW adwumayɛbea a ɛwɔ 50 Hz nhyehyɛeɛ so a ɛbua mpɔtam hɔ droop su - nɔma no yɛ ananmusifoɔ, ɛnyɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu.

Nneɛma abien a ɛwɔ saa nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no mu no fata sɛ yɛtra so, efisɛ ɛhɔ na nnwuma di nkogu ankasa.

Nea edi kan no, deviation-to-tumi nsakrae. Wɔtaa kyerɛw droop mmuae sɛtumi mmuae=frequency deviation × control mfaso. Ɛno yɛ adwene mu abusuabɔ a wɔde kyerɛkyerɛ adwene no mu, na ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe mu nsɛso. A ankasa dwumadie hia sign convention, nominal frequency reference, droop percentage a wɔde kyerɛ tumi nnyinasoɔ a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu, deadband, saturation wɔ rated power, ramp anohyetoɔ, ne hard clamps a ɛfiri SOC ne temperature. Wɔ Europa Asasepɔn so synchronous beae no, sɛ nhwɛso no, ENTSO-E'snhyehyeɛ a ɛfa FCR agyapadeɛ hohwehwɛ sɛ wɔmfa afiri a wɔde yɛ adwuma no nkyɛ na efi ase ankyɛ koraa wɔ sikɔne abien akyi wɔ frequency anammɔn bi akyi, sɛ wɔde FCR a edi mũ bɛma wɔ 200 mHz deviation mu, na deadband ne insensitivity a wɔaka abom no tra bɛyɛ 10 mHz mu. Saa parameters anan - reference, droop, deadband, saturation - ne nea sɔhwɛ engineer bɛhwɛ ankasa.

Nea ɛto so abien, tumi a wɔkyekyɛ. Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma a wɔahyehyɛ no tenten no nkyerɛ ɔkenkanfo hwee mfa nea ɔyɛ n’asɛyɛde bere a mmuae no aka akyi no ho. Wɔ afifide adansi dodow no ara mu no mpaapaemu no te sɛ eyi:

• PCS: 1.1.ramp rate, tracking pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛbɛn zero tumi, seamless charge-to-discharge nsakrae, mfomso teaseɛnam-fa. Latency wɔ ha taa yɛ milisecond na ɛntaa nyɛ ɔhaw no.
• Afifide sohwɛfo / EMS: .droop curve, deadband, SOC correction offset, kyɛfa a ɛda stacked services ntam, suban wɔ nkitahodi a ɛyera so. Eyi ne baabi a tuning ho akasakasa dodow no ara kɔ fam.
• BMS: 1 .ntɛm ara charge ne discharge tumi anohyeto, a egyina cell voltage, mprempren, ɔhyew ne SOC. Ebetumi atwitwa wo tumi a wɔayɛ apam no mu abien komm anɔpa a awɔw wom.

BMS anohyeto no fata sɛ wɔde adwene si so wɔ nhyehyɛe fã sen sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma bere a wɔreyɛ sɔhwɛ no. Lithium nkwammoaa gye charge current a ɛba fam koraa tom wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam mu, enti ebia afifide a ɛyɛ ahotɔ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ digrii 25 mu no rentumi mfa mmara a ɛkɔ fam a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ wɔ digrii −5 mma kosi sɛ packs no bɛyɛ hyew. Nea wɔama ho kwanadwumayɛ ɔhyew a ɛwɔ battery no muna enti thermal system no tumi a ɛkura mu no yɛ frequency-service design no fã, ɛnyɛ akyi adwene.

Frequency Regulation vs Fast Frequency Response: Baabi a Ɔhye no Te

Wɔnnyɛ nsɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma mpɛn pii no gyinapɛn wɔ wiase nyinaa, na nneɛma a wɔtɔn no nyɛ nea wotumi sesa. Europa nhyehyɛe ahorow de Frequency Containment Reserve, Frequency Restoration Reserve a ɛyɛ adwuma ankasa ne Frequency Restoration Reserve a wɔde nsa yɛ di dwuma; Nordic gua ahorow no kyekyɛɛ FCR mu yɛɛ no ​​nneɛma a ɛyɛ daa-adwuma ne basabasayɛ nneɛma. Amerika Atifi fam gua ahorow de Primary Frequency Response, Regulation Up and Down, Fast Frequency Response, synchronized reserve ne contingency reserve di dwuma. Dwumadi ahorow no map wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho so wɔ adwene mu, sɛnea ɛwɔ ase ha no.

Nea efi adwini no mu ba no yɛ tẽẽ. Wɔntaa mfrɛ contingency-style product, enti ahoɔden a ɛwɔ activation biara mu no sua nanso bere tenten a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ma no yɛ tenten. Wɔfrɛ mmara kwan so sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛkɔ so di akyi bere nyinaa, enti throughput yɛ kɛse na SOC drift ne asiane titiriw. Batere koro no ara a ɛyɛ 10 MW no yɛ afiri soronko wɔ emu biara mu.

BESS Frequency Mmarahyɛ Nkonimdi, Latency ne Telemetry

Architecture a wɔtaa yɛ no tu mmirika grid meter → plant controller anaa EMS →tumi nsakrae nhyehyɛe→ battery racks, a feedback san fa ɔkwan koro no ara so kɔ SCADA. Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔahyehyɛ ama saa nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no ware, nanso nneɛma abiɛsa na ɛkyerɛ sɔhwɛ a edi kan-mmɔden dodow no ara a entumi nyɛ yiye:

1. Awiei-kɔ-awiei latency, a wɔsusuu firi frequency excursion wɔ mita no so kɔ power wɔ point of connection - ɛnyɛ PCS mmuaeɛ berɛ a wɔafa aka wɔ datasheet so. Mita update rate, filter bere daa, protocol polling ntam ne controller cycle bere nyinaa stack up.
2. Deadband ne droop nhyehyɛe, a wɔtaa de si mmeae abiɛsa (PCS, plant controller, EMS) na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde si hɔ daa wɔ emu biako pɛpɛɛpɛ.
3. Nkitahodi-adehwere suban, efisɛ nea ɔde di dwuma no bɛsɔ ahwɛ. Sɛ́ ebia adwumayɛbea no kura setpoint a etwa to, ramp to zero anaasɛ ɛsan hwe ase kɔ local droop no yɛ apam mu paw, na ɛsɛ sɛ ɛne gua so mmara hyia.

Asɛm a wɔtaa de hyɛ adwuma no tu mmirika te sɛ eyi: PCS no bua wɔ nea ennu 200 ms mu wɔ benkyi no so, nanso wɔyɛ mita no polled wɔ Modbus TCP so wɔ 1 s, controller no tu mmirika 500 ms kyinhyia a 1 s filter ka ho, na afifide mmuae a wɔasusuw no du bɛyɛ sikani abien wɔ anammɔn no akyi. Ná inverter no nyɛ ɔhaw no da. Protocol no din a wobɛto - Modbus TCP, IEC 61850, DNP3, anaa adwumayɛfo-nkitahodi pɔtee bi - nso nnɔɔso; ɛsɛ sɛ adwuma no siesie data nsɛntitiriw, update rates, control tumidi ne huammɔdi suban wɔ nkyerɛwee mu.

MW vs MWh ma Frequency Mmarahyɛ

Mfomso a ɛtaa ba wɔ sizing mu ne sɛ wobɛtɔ nhyehyɛe bi a ɛwɔ ne MW rating so. MW dodow no na ɛkyerɛ tumi dodow a adwumayɛbea no betumi de ahyɛ mu anaa agye wɔ bere koro mu. MWh rating no na ɛkyerɛ bere tenten a ebetumi akɔ so ayɛ saa. Sɛ nsonsonoe a ɛdatumi ne ahoɔden dodow a wɔde kyerɛda so ara yɛ fuzzy, siesie ansa na woakenkan ɔfã a edi hɔ no, efisɛ biribiara a ɛwɔ ase ha no yɛ akontaabu a wɔde asi so.

Abusuabɔ a efi ase no yɛ mmerɛw:

Ahoɔden a wɔhwehwɛ=mmara tumi × bere a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ma

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ mmuae nso da. Nameplate MWh nyɛ MWh a wotumi de di dwuma, na mpɛn pii no nsonsonoe no yɛ factor abien anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Sɛnea Wɔbɛyɛ BESS kɛse ama Frequency Regulation

Anamɔn 1: Fa ahwehwɛde no fi nhyehyɛe no dwumayɛni ankasa hɔ

Ansa na biribi foforo biara bɛba no, nya mprempren gua so nhoma ne prequalification nhyehyɛe ma wo grid ne ade no, na yi: MW a wɔhwehwɛ kɔ soro, MW a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ ɛba fam, bere a wɔde bua, bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma a edi mũ-, bere a wɔde bɛma a ɛba fam koraa, bere a wɔde bɛsan agye, ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛfa pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ ne nea ɛwɔ hɔ, ahwehwɛde a ɛfa bo a wɔbɔ no kɛse a ɛba fam koraa, mita ne telemetry ho mmara, ne sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛe no ankasa. Mfa ahwehwɛdeɛ ntwe mfi ɔman foforɔ anaa dwumadiefoɔ - yei ne dɔnhwerew baako a ɛkorɔn sen biara-boɔ wɔ nhyehyɛɛ nhyehyɛeɛ no nyinaa mu.

Anamɔn 2: Fa tumi dodow no si anohyeto biara a ɛwɔ kwan no so no so

Ɛnyɛ sika a wɔde asie a wɔayɛ ho apam no nkutoo ne nea wɔka wɔ PCS no so. Upward tumi betumi ayɛ capped denam PCS discharge rating, BMS discharge anohyeto, grid export anohyeto, transformer rating, akorae ahoɔden anaa beae adesoa. Wobetumi de PCS charge rating, BMS charge limit, grid import anohyeto, tumi a aka anaa site ahwehwɛde ayɛ capped tumi a ɛkɔ fam. Wɔ symmetric product ho no, ɛsɛ sɛ akwankyerɛ abien no nyinaa wɔ hɔ wɔ contracted capacity bere koro mu - binding constraint no taa yɛ nea obiara annyɛ model.

Anamɔn 3: Yɛ ahoɔden a wubetumi de adi dwuma ho adwuma, afei yɛ adwuma kɔ akyi kɔ din krataa so

Eyi ne baabi a nhwɛso a wɔayɛ ho adwuma no nya ne keep.Akontaabu a ɛwɔ ase ha no yɛ nhwɛso a ɛyɛ mfatoho a wɔde kyerɛkyerɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so kyerɛkyerɛ mu; ɛnyɛ nea wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu na ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ adwuma bi a nea ɔyɛ adwuma no ankasa nni mmara a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho.

Ahwehwɛde:10 MW symmetric regulation, simma 15 a ɛkɔ so de ma koraa wɔ ɔkwan biara so.

• Ahoɔden wɔ beae a nkitahodi no, akwankyerɛ biara: 10 MW × 0.25 h =2.5 MWh na ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Discharge kwan (PCS, transformer, auxiliaries) wɔ bɛyɛ 94%: ɛsɛ sɛ nkwammoaa no de ma bɛyɛ2.66 MWh na ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Charge kwan wɔ bɛyɛ 94%: absorbing 2.5 MWh wɔ mita no de bɛyɛ2.35 MWh na ɛyɛ adwumakɔ nkwammoaa no mu.
• Total DC swing a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛtra mfɛnsere a wɔama ho kwan no mu:≈ 5.0 MWh na ɛyɛ adwuma- naive nɔma mmɔho abien, efisɛ symmetric product hia ahoɔden a wɔakora soneti a ɛda mpan bere koro no ara mu.
• SOC mfɛnsere a wɔama ho kwan a ɛyɛ 10–90% (80% a wotumi de di dwuma): din krataa wɔ nkwa mfiase Kɛse anaasɛ ɛne 5.0 / 0.8 ≈ yɛ pɛ6.3 MWh na ɛyɛ adwuma.
• Waranti a ɛma 70% tumi a ɛbɛkora so wɔ afe 10 mu, a enni nkɔanim: din krataa ≈ 5.0 / (0.8 × 0.7) ≈8.9 MWh na ɛyɛ adwuma.

Enti "simma 15-simma" ahwehwɛde wɔ 10 MW adwumayɛbea no ma ahoɔden-ne-ahoɔden nsusuwii a ɛwɔ baabi a ɛwɔ 0.63 ne 0.89 MWh wɔ MW biara mu - ɛnyɛ 0.25 a asɛmti akontaabu kyerɛ no. Afei engineering gyinaesi no da adi pefee: tɔ bɛyɛ 9 MWh da a edi kan, gye capex no tom na nya anigye wɔ C-rate a ɛyɛ brɛoo; anaasɛ wɔbɛkyekyere bɛyɛ 6.5 MWh na wɔahyɛ bɔ sɛ wɔbɛma ayɛ kɛse wɔ afe anum anaa asia mu. Wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ nea wotumi bɔ wɔn ho ban. Nea ɛnyɛ nea wobetumi abɔ ho ban ne sɛ wɔbɛfa 2.5 MWh. Fa site-specific derating ka ho wɔ soro - sustained 40℃ambient bɛbɔ ka wɔ tumi a wotumi de di dwuma ho na ama adesoa a ɛboa no akɔ soro, na asɛyɛde a efi mu ba no yɛ nea enti a...cooling nhyehyɛe a wɔpawyɛ frequency-mmara gyinaesi sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ mfiridwuma mu nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri.

Anamɔn 4: Wohyɛ da paw SOC mfɛnsere no

Botae a ɛbɛn mfinimfini a wɔama ho kwan no kora akwan abien a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so, ne ma ade a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛtaa yɛ mfiase a ɛfata. Ɛyɛ mfiase, na ɛnyɛ mmara. Botae a ɛteɛ no sesa ne abakɔsɛm mu sɛnkyerɛnne bias, ɔsom asymmetry, ahoɔden settlement mmara, chemistry, warranty tebea, stacked applications afoforo ne wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ worst-case event bere tenten. Ɛsɛ sɛ controller no sesa botae no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nnam so; ɔha biara mu nkyekyem a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ hard-coded wɔ commissioning yɛ fibea a wonim a ɛma akyiri yi-asetra mu adwumayɛ a ɛnteɛ.

Anamɔn 5: Fa ɔsɛe ne awiei-a -nkwa margin ka ho

Afifide a edi ahwehwɛde no ho dwuma bere a ɛyɛ foforo no betumi adi nkogu wɔ afe asia mu. Sizing model no hia kalenda onyin, sakre so onyin, ɔhyew a ɛda adi, throughput a wɔhwɛ kwan, average SOC, C{1}}rate, warranty anohyeto, augmentation nhyehyɛe ne - titiriw - awiei pefee-a -asetra mu adwumayɛ ahwehwɛde a wɔaka wɔ units koro no ara mu sɛnea apam no.

Anamɔn 6: Simulate tia data ankasa

Simulation atia representative frequency anaa dispatch data ne design kwan a wotumi de ho to so sen biara a ɛwɔ hɔ, nanso nyansahyɛ no so nni mfaso a ne parameters nka ho. Nhwehwɛmu a wotumi bɔ ho ban ka abakɔsɛm mu dataset bɛn na wɔde dii dwuma ne bere bɛn so, sampling interval, SOC a edi kan ne recentring nhyehyɛe, gye a wogye tom, ne sensitivity cases. Anyɛ yie koraa no mfasoɔ: anyɛ yie koraa no bosome dumienu a ɛfiri adwumayɛfoɔ no nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ a wɔatintim wɔ ne kurom gyinaesie mu, ɛfiri SOC mfitiaseɛ botaeɛ dodoɔ bi mu, a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ huammɔdi mu sɛ ntam biara a adwumayɛbea no ntumi mfa tumi a wɔayɛ no apam no nkɔ ɔkwan biara so. Ɔsram biara sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛde mfɛnsere ntiantiaa a ɛma wobɔ ka a wotua wɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ ho no besie pɛpɛɛpɛ.

SOC Management ma Mpɛn pii Mmuae

Mmarahyɛ ma batere no twe ne ho fi nea ɛrekɔ so no ho. Controller no hia recentring strategy: charge anaasɛ discharge brɛoo wɔ nsɛm a esisi ntam, offset a wɔde di dwuma wɔ regulation command no so, anaasɛ aguadi wɔ ahoɔden gua so de san de adwumayɛ beae no ba. Botaeɛ no ne symmetric - ahoɔden a wɔakora so a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛtumi afiri mu berɛ a frequency akɔ fam, tumi a ɛda mpan a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛtumi abɔ berɛ a ɛkɔ soro.

Su a ɛyɛ huammɔdi kwan no ne saturation. Ɛte sɛ eyi wɔ nneyɛe mu: sɛnkyerɛnne bi a ɛwɔ animhwɛ ketewaa bi a ɛkɔ so nantew SOC kɔ soro awiabere; 85% no afifide no ntumi nnye mmara a ɛkɔ fam koraa ntom bio; adwumayɛfoɔ no adwumayɛ mu nkontabuo so tew, na ɛnam sɛ wɔde nkontabuo no di dwuma wɔ tumi a wɔayɛ apam no nyinaa ho nti, sika a wɔhwere no sõ koraa sene ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu no. Biribiara antumi anyɛ yiye. Wɔantow alarm biara. Nsusuwii no faa no ara kwa sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ ahoɔden-a ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa biribiara ho.

PJM, sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, de RegD sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ ntɛm ma ka RegA sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ brɛoo no ho, na afã biara a wonni ma nneɛma a ɛyɛ ntɛm no gyina tebea so sen sɛ wɔbɛma - mmara a ɛyɛ pintinn ne mprempren sɛnkyerɛnne nhyehyɛe no te muPJM Nwoma 12: Dwumadie a εkari pɛ, na wotintim abakɔsɛm mu nsɛnkyerɛnne ho nsɛm. Sɔ adwene no hwɛ wɔ saa data no ho sen sɛ wubenya no agyapade. Wɔ Europa Asasepɔn so no, wɔdi ɔhaw koro no ara ho dwuma pefee: ENTSO-E di batere ho dwuma sɛ ahoɔden akoraeɛ a anohyetoɔ-akoraeɛ na ɛhia SOC-adwumayɛ adwene a ɛyɛ nnam a wɔde ahoɔden akoraeɛ a ɛsua koraa ka ho, a wɔakyerɛw wɔ bere a wɔadi kan ahwehwɛ, a anyɛ yie koraa no, wɔde simma 30 na ɛyɛ adwuma ma akuo a ɛte saa wɔ tebea a wɔbɔ kɔkɔ mu.

Battery a Wɔsɛe no Wɔ Mmarahyɛ Asɛyɛde ase

Frequency regulation kyerɛ sɛ nneɛma nketenkete pii a wɔtaa keka no. Nea efi mu ba no gyina ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma nyinaa, kyinhyia biara mu dɔ, charge ne discharge rate, cell temperature, average SOC, bere a wɔde bɛn SOC anohyeto, onwini adwumayɛ, chemistry ne kalenda mfe so.

Mmara kyinhyia a emu nnɔ taa yɛ brɛoo wɔ nsu a ɛkɔ mu no mu biako biara mu sen nsu a ɛkɔ mu a emu dɔ mpɛn pii, nanso ɛno yɛ su, ɛnyɛ awerɛhyem, na ɛnyɛ nea enti a ɛsɛ sɛ wobu yɛn ani gu ɔhaw no so: NREL deɛnkwammoaa asetra ho nhwɛso adwumakyerɛ tumi fade a ɔhyew, C{0}}rate, depth of discharge ne state of charge na ɛka bom, a kalenda-aging mechanisms kɔ so ɛmfa ho sɛnea nkwammoaa no kyinhyia. Battery a wɔde kura SOC a ɛkorɔn ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu na ama wɔakɔ so ayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔ soro no rebɔ akwakoraa ne aberewa wɔ da a ɛhɔ yɛ dinn mpo. Fibea a ɛfata ma adwuma pɔtee bi ne cell anaa system supplier no ankasa nkwa nna ne warranty throughput clause, a wɔaka abom.

Ɛsɛ sɛ aguadi nhwɛso no kura ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nsakrae anaa nkɔanim ho, warranty throughput, round-trip losses, onwini ahoɔden, tumi a enni hɔ, adwumayɛ asotwe ne SOC sanba ahoɔden. Mmuae a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm nkyerɛ sɛ adwumayɛ ho ka a ɛba fam.

Prequalification ne Adwumayɛ Sɔhwɛ a Wɔde Yɛ Frequency Regulation

Aguadi mu mpɛn dodow no ara hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ɔyɛkyerɛ ansa na wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ gua so. Sɔhwɛ taa hwehwɛ mmuaeɛ a ɛkyɛ, ramp rate, tumi a ɛkɔ so daa, tracking pɛpɛɛpɛ, soro ne fam tumi, SOC dwumadie, telemetry, ɛwɔ hɔ, ahoɔden a wɔsan nya wɔ dwumadie akyi ne suban wɔ nkitahodiɛ a ɛyera mu.

Nkyerɛkyerɛmu biako, efisɛ wɔtaa yɛ basaa asɛm no:FERC Ahyɛde a Ɛto so. 841hwehwɛ sɛ U.S. RTO ne ISO ahorow no de kyɛfa ho nhwɛso ahorow a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a wɔkora so no ma tumi, ahoɔden ne nnwuma a ɛboa a ɛtumi de ma wɔ mfiridwuma mu, a ne kɛse a ɛba fam koraa no nkɔ soro nsen 100 kW. Ɛyɛ agua-akwan a wɔfa so nya nhyehyɛe. Ɛnyɛ sɔhwɛ nwoma, mmuaeɛ-bereɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu, telemetry nhyehyɛeɛ anaa prequalification checklist. Wɔn no firi ankorankoro RTO anaa ISO gua nwoma a ɛwɔ tumi da a wobɛsɔ - ahwɛ na wɔsesa. Nya mprempren krataa no, wɔ mprempren nsakrae no mu, ansa na woayɛ freeze design no.

Stacking Frequency Mmara ne Nnwuma Afoforo

Mpɛn pii no, BESS betumi de mmarahyɛ ne ahoɔden arbitrage abom, .peak shaving a wɔde yiyi wɔn ti, ahwehwɛde-sika a wɔtew so, ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ foforo, tumi dwumadie, backup, voltage mmoa anaa congestion management. Stacking ma utilisation tu mpɔn, nanso services no si akan wɔ tumi, ahoɔden ne SOC headroom koro no ara ho: arbitrage betumi ama battery no ayɛ ma dodo ama downward regulation; backup reserve di ahoɔden fi gua so envelope mu; peak shaving betumi adi PCS tumi wɔ bere koro no ara mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ EMS no kyekyɛ nneɛma tia apam mu ade titiriw, bo a wɔhwɛ kwan, batere tebea ne asiane - na ɛsɛ sɛ obi si gyinae, di kan, ɔsom bɛn na ɛhwere bere a wɔbɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho.

Aggregation di ntease koro no ara akyi wɔ portfolio level. Virtual power plant de batere a wɔakyekyɛ, EV chargers ne nnesoa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kyerɛ sɛ ade biako a wotumi di so, a ɛma agyapade nketewa yɛ nea wotumi di gua nanso eyi mfiridwuma mu ahwehwɛde ahorow no mu biara mfi hɔ: ɛsɛ sɛ portfolio no da so ara de ahoɔden a wɔayɛ ho apam no ma pɛpɛɛpɛ, a susuw a wɔagye atom ne nkitahodi a ɛkyɛ a wɔhwɛ so. Wɔ U.S. wholesale kyɛfa a, nhyehyɛe hook a ɛfa ho neFERC Ahyɛde a Ɛto so. 2222wɔ ahoɔden a wɔakyekyɛ a wɔaboaboa ano ho, ɛnyɛ Ahyɛde 841.

Mfomso Nsia a Ɛbɔ Mpɛn pii-Mmarahyɛ Nnwuma Sika

• Sizing wɔ MW nkutoo mu.PCS a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn-a ahoɔden a ɛyɛ tratraa a wotumi de di dwuma no bɔ SOC anohyeto bi ansa na bere a wɔde bɛma no aba awiei.
• Edin krataa MWh a wɔde di dwuma sɛ ahoɔden a ɛwɔ hɔ.SOC mfɛnsere, ɔsɛe, adehwere ne dwumadi ahorow a wɔakora so taa gyaw ne fã yiye ma ɔsom no.
• Wo werɛ fi mmara a ɛkɔ fam.Battery a ayɛ ma ntumi nnye ahoɔden a ɛboro so. Tumi a hwee nni mu yɛ agyapade.
• Sɛ yɛfa no sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne no yɛ ahoɔden-neutral.Sɔ hwɛ wɔ nea ɔde di dwuma no abakɔsɛm mu nsɛm a wɔatintim no ho, na ɛnyɛ nea ɛfa ade no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu ho.
• Mmuae bere a wobɛtɔ afi datasheet so.Dodow a wɔasɔ ahwɛ no yɛ end-to-end afifide mmuae, na metering plus protocol delay taa di so.
• Modeling sika a wonya a ɛnsɛe.Gross market revenue nyɛ project profit bere a wɔayi wear, charge ahoɔden, adehwere, asotwe ne nea ɛwɔ hɔ no afi mu.

BESS Frequency Regulation Adetɔ ho Nhwehwɛmu Nhoma

Mfaso a ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu kratasin so ne sɛ wubehu nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ w’ankasa wusiesie. Wɔn a wɔbɛhyehyɛ wɔn akuw saa kwan no so:

Siesie eyinom ansa na RFQ - wɔakyerɛkyerɛ afiri no mu

• Ɔman a wɔde wɔn ani asi so, grid dwumadie ne frequency-service product pɔtee
• MW a wɔhwehwɛ kɔ soro ne MW kɔ fam, ne sɛ ebia ade no yɛ symmetric anaa
• Bere tenten a wɔhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde bɛma ne bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma a edi mũ-
• Grid nkitahodi ahoɔden, transformer ne switchgear anohyeto
• Prequalification sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛe ne nea ɛwɔ hɔ ho bɔhyɛ
• Nnwuma foforo biara a wɔbɛboaboa ano, ne wɔn nhyehyɛe a wɔde di kan

Eyinom tu bo no honam fam - si wɔn ho gyinae wɔ adwempa mu

• MWh a wɔde di dwuma ne SOC adwumayɛ kwan a wɔama ho kwan
• Mfiase-a -asetra ne awiei-a wɔahyɛ ho bɔ-asetra tumi
• PCS kɔ so ne overload rating
• Battery chemistry, onwini kwan ne design ambient
• Battery warranty ne throughput anohyeto; augmentation nhyehyɛe
• Ogya-ahobammɔ ne mpɔtam hɔ koodu ahwehwɛde

Ma nea ɔde nneɛma ma no nhyɛ eyinom ho nyansa, afei hwɛ mu bio

• EMS ne plant-controller dwumadie mu mpaepaemu, ne BMS anohyetoɔ amanneɛbɔ
• SCADA protocol, data nsɛntitiriw, nhwɛsode ne telemetry nhyehyɛe
• Akyirikyiri diagnostics, spares ne O&M scope

Eyinom ma nsakrae nhyehyɛe ahorow ba bere a wɔagyaw hɔ a emu nna hɔ no

• Mmuae-bere nkyerɛase - susuw baabi, ne nea wɔde sɔ hwɛ
• Nkitahodi-adehwere suban
• Hena na ɔwɔ SOC recenting energy ne ne ka
• Sɛ ebia wɔsusu nea ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ adwumayɛbea anaa portfolio gyinabea

Saa nsɛm pii yi a wosiesie ne nea ɛma wɔn a wɔde nneɛma ma no fa nsɛm ka tia ɔsom ankasa no mmom sen sɛ wɔbɛbɔ generic bi bobatere nhyehyɛe a wɔde ahyɛ nsukorade mune kwan a ɛda ntam no a wobehu bere a wɔrehyɛ adwuma no.

Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa

BESS betumi ayɛ ho biribi ntɛmntɛm dɛn wɔ frequency deviation ho?

PCS no ankasa taa yɛ ho biribi wɔ nea ennu sekan biako mu koraa. Afifideɛ mmuaeɛ a wɔsɔ hwɛ no yɛ brɛoo, ɛfiri sɛ mita update rate, filtering, protocol polling ne controller cycle time add up - seconds mmienu awieeɛ kɔ awieeɛ no abu so wɔ untuned plant so. Aguadeɛ a wɔhwehwɛ no gu ahodoɔ: ENTSO-E Continental Europe mmara hwehwɛ sɛ FCR dwumadie no bɛhyɛ aseɛ ankyɛ koraa wɔ sikɔne mmienu akyi wɔ frequency anammɔn akyi na adu dwumadie a ɛdi mũ wɔ sikɔne 30 mu wɔ 200 mHz deviation mu, berɛ a gua foforɔ kyerɛ profile ahodoɔ koraa.

MWh ahe na frequency-regulation BESS hia?

Ɛboro tumi × bere tenten so koraa. Wɔ symmetric 10 MW ade a ɛwɔ simma 15-ahwehwɛde a wɔde bɛma no, mfatoho akontabuo a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no si fam bɛyɛ 6.3 MWh wɔ nkwa mfitiaseɛ ne 8.9 MWh sɛ wopɛ sɛ wodi ahwehwɛdeɛ no so wɔ nkwa nna awieeɛ a enni augmentation - a ɛne 2.5 MWh a ɛfiri naive formula no mu. Multiplier no fi hia a ehia ahoɔden a wɔde asie ne headroom nyinaa, SOC mfɛnsere a ɛnyɛ 100%, nsakrae a wɔhwere ne tumi a ɛyera.

Tebea bɛn na wɔde di dwuma ma frequency regulation?

Sɛ wopɛ ɔsom a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ a, ɛbɛn mfɛnsere a wɔma ho kwan no mfinimfini, enti akwan abien no nyinaa tra hɔ. Ɛsɛ sɛ botaeɛ pɔtee no kɔ ne sɛnkyerɛnne bias, service asymmetry, chemistry, warranty tebea ne stacked services biara - dynamically, ɛnyɛ sɛ hard-coded nɔma.

So frequency regulation ahoɔden-nnyɛ afã biara?

Ɛnyɛ nea wotumi de ho to so. Wɔayɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne ahorow bi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛhyiam akɔ afã biara a enni mu wɔ mfɛnsere tiawa bi so, na gua ahorow bi ma saa nhyiam no yɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ. Persistent bias ne ade a ɛtaa de SOC saturation ba, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsɔ adwene no hwɛ de to operator no abakɔsɛm sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔatintim no so ansa na wɔayɛ no wɔ.

So frequency regulation sɛe batere?

Ɛma wɔn mfe akɔ anim, te sɛ asɛyɛde biara. Sakraman a ɛnyɛ den, a wɔtaa fa so no taa yɛ brɛoo wɔ MWh biara a wɔde fa mu sen nsuo a ɛkɔ akyiri a wɔsan de gu mu, nanso nsuo a ɛkɔ mu nyinaa, C-rate, ɔhyew ne SOC a wɔkyekyɛ mu no nyinaa ma ɛyera, na kalenda onyin kɔ so ɛmfa ho. Asɛmmisa a ɛho hia wɔ aguadi mu no nyɛ sɛ ebia ɔsɛe ba na mmom sɛ ebia asɛyɛde no tra warranty throughput envelope no mu anaa.

So BESS biako betumi ayɛ frequency regulation ne backup power?

Honam fam yiw, na ɛyɛ ahwehwɛde a wɔtaa hwehwɛ wɔutility-scale afifideɛ nnwuma. Nanso ahoɔden a wɔde asie a wɔde sie no nni gua so, na nea wɔde asie no brɛ SOC mfɛnsere a mmarahyɛ adwuma no betumi de adi dwuma no ase. Size ma nnwuma abien no nyinaa pefee, na di kan si nea ɛbɛma aba bere a ntawntawdi bi rekɔ so no ho gyinae.

Tɔfabɔ

BESS frequency regulation ma grid no gyina pintinn denam charge anaasɛ dischargeing ntɛmntɛm na ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ de bua supply-demand imbalance. Ahoɔhare, akwan abien ne tracking pɛpɛɛpɛ yɛ mfaso ankasa, na ɛno nso yɛ adwuma no fã a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya yiye.

Afã horow a ɛsi nea ebefi mu aba no ho gyinae ne ahoɔden a wotumi de di dwuma wɔ SOC mfɛnsere no mu, susudua ne nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde di dwuma no awiei-kɔsi{1}}awiei a ɛda hɔ, SOC nhyehyɛe a ɛtra ase wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ animhwɛ mu, ɔsɛe nhwɛso a ɛda so ara di apam no so wɔ afe du mu, ne nhyehyɛe a wɔahyɛ no nwini atia gua so nhoma a wɔde bedi dwuma ankasa wɔ sɔhwɛ no mu. Nya operator no mprempren nkyerɛkyerɛmu, fa nsusuwii ahorow a wɔaka ne gyinapɛn ahorow a wɔde gye tom di simulation no, na fa nɔma to margins no so. Ɛno ne nea ɛdan frequency regulation fi general BESS tumi mu kɔ contract-ready project.