Ahoɔden a wɔkora so a ɛgyina hɔ pintinn no nam akwan ahodoɔ so tew ɛka so: ɛtew ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ ahwehwɛdeɛ a ɛsen biara so, ɛma berɛ-de-di dwuma wɔ arbitrage, ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforɔ a ne boɔ yɛ mmerɛ a wɔde ka bom, ne sika a wɔde bɛto nnwuma mu no so tew. Battery storage system ho ka akɔ fam 40% afe-afe-afe akɔ $165/kWh wɔ afe 2024 mu, na ama saa dwumadie yi ayɛ sikasɛm mu mfasoɔ kɛseɛ.
Sɛnea Batere a Wɔde Sie no Tew Electricity Ka so
Ɛka a wɔtew so tẽẽ sen biara fi ahoɔden a wɔkora so a enhinhim mu no nam ahwehwɛde ho ka a wɔhwɛ so so na ɛba. Aguadi ne nnwumayɛbea ahorow tua asotwe kɛse wɔ wɔn tumi a wɔtwe kɔ soro sen biara wɔ sikatua bere mu-taa yɛ $10 kosi $40 wɔ kilowatt biara a wɔhwehwɛ kɛse ɔsram biara.
Adwumayɛbea a ɛtwetwe kW 500 wɔ mmere a nnipa pii wɔ mu a wɔbɔ ka $40/kW a wɔhwehwɛ no hyia $20,000 wɔ ɔsram biara ahwehwɛde ho ka nkutoo mu. Sɛ wɔde nneɛma a wɔkora so a ɛma woyiyi kW 150 fi saa beae a ɛsen biara no si hɔ a, ɛma wɔkora dɔla 6,000 so ɔsram biara, anaasɛ dɔla 72,000 afe biara. Saa ɔkwan yi a wɔfrɛ no peak shaving no yɛ adwuma denam ahoɔden a wɔakora so a ɛma wɔtow gu bere pɔtee a anka nea wɔde di dwuma no bɛkɔ soro no so.
Sikasɛm no tu mpɔn kɔ akyiri wɔ mpɔtam a bere{0}}de{1}}di dwuma bo nhyehyɛe. Ahoɔden a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe a ɛgyina hɔ no gye sika wɔ nnɔnhwerew a ɛnyɛ adwuma-peak bere a anyinam ahoɔden bo yɛ cent 2-3 wɔ kWh biara mu, afei wɔtow gu wɔ bere a ɛyɛ kɛse bere a ɛho ka no huruw kɔ cent 15-25 wɔ kWh biara mu. Saa arbitrage yi kyere nsonsonoe a ɛda bo mu nsonsonoe a ɛda bere a ɛba fam ne nea ɛkɔ soro ntam.
Wiase ankasa-wiase dwumadie kyerɛ nea ɛfiri mu ba a wɔtumi susu. Nsɛm a efi ahoɔden a wɔkora so a wɔde di dwuma no kyerɛ sɛ ahoɔden ho ka a ɛsen biara betumi atew akodu 30% ama ahoɔden-adwuma a ɛho hia kɛse. Wɔ mmeae a anyinam ahoɔden ho ka boro dɔla ɔpepem biako afe biara no, eyi kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛkora dɔla 300,000 afe biara.
Mfiridwuma ho Ka a Ɛkɔ So Sesa Botae Nsɛso no
Sikasɛm titiriw a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so wɔ baabiara mu no asesa wɔ mfe du a atwam no mu esiane ɛka a wɔatew so kɛse nti. Battery a wɔkora so boɔ kɔɔ fam firi $375/kWh wɔ afe 2023 mu kɔɔ $165/kWh wɔ afe 2024-ɛkɔ fam 40% wɔ afe baako pɛ mu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛso teɛ kɛseɛ firi berɛ a wɔhyɛɛ aseɛ dii akyire wɔ afe 2017 mu.
Nneɛma pii na ɛma saa ɛka a wɔbɔ yi kɔ so. Nneɛma a wɔyɛ boro so wɔ China, titiriw wɔ lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batere ho no maa akansi a emu yɛ den bae. Chinafoɔ nhyehyɛeɛ no nyaa $101/kWh wɔ afe 2024 mu, na nnwuma bi a wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛ mu no boɔ yɛ $85/kWh ma nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛkyɛ nnɔnhwereɛ 4. Sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu a, U.S. ɛka da so ara yɛ $236/kWh esiane nneɛma a wɔde ma no mu nkɔso ne mmara mu ahwehwɛde ahorow nti.
Nsusuiɛ kyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛkɔ so akɔ fam akosi afe 2030. Ɔman Renewable Energy Laboratory hyɛ nkɔm sɛ lithium-ion battery ho ka a wɔbɔ wɔ stationary applications ho no bɛtumi adu fam asen $200/kWh ama systems a wɔde ahyɛ mu wɔ afe 2030 mu, na system a wɔde ahyɛ mu nyinaa ho ka betumi akɔ fam 50-60% afiri 2024 levels. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ batere cell ho ka so bɛtew ntɛmntɛm mpo asen nhyehyɛe no ho ka a edi mũ.
Wɔ battery pack no ankasa akyi no, balance-of-system components nso renya nkɔso. Tumi nsakrae nhyehyɛe, ɔhyew sohwɛ, ne ɛlɛtrɔnik a wɔde di dwuma gyina hɔ ma bɛyɛ 40-60% wɔ nhyehyɛe no ho ka nyinaa mu nanso wɔrehu ɔha biara mu nkyem a ɛkɔ fam brɛoo sen batere nkwammoaa. Nanso, nneɛma a wɔyɛ no yiye ne sikasɛm a wɔyɛ no kɛse kɔ so piapia saa ka ahorow yi kɔ fam.
Nsakrae a efi nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) so kɔ lithium iron phosphate (LFP) nnuruyɛ mu no ma ɛka so tew ntɛmntɛm bere a ɛma ahobammɔ tu mpɔn no. Mprempren LFP batere di ahoɔden a wɔkora so foforo a egyina hɔ pintinn so, na ɛma nneɛma ho ka a ɛba fam ne kyinhyia nkwa nna tenten ɛmfa ho sɛ ahoɔden dodow a ɛba fam kakra no.
Grid-Level Sikakorabea a Ɛboro Mita Ankorankoro So
Ahoɔden a wɔkora so a ɛgyina hɔ pintinn no ma wɔtew ɛka so wɔ nhyehyɛe kwan so a ɛkɔ akyiri sen ankorankoro adwumayɛbea ahorow a wɔkora so ma ɛboa anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe ahorow nyinaa ne wɔn a wotua tow no.
Nkrasɛm ne nkyekyɛmu nhyehyɛeɛ gyina hɔ ma sika kɛseɛ a wɔde bɛto mu-adwumakuo a wɔde di dwuma no kɛseɛ ma wɔn nhyehyɛeɛ no yɛ kɛseɛ ma ɛdi ahwehwɛdeɛ a ɛsen biara a ɛba nnɔnhwereɛ dumienu kakraa bi pɛ afe biara no ho dwuma. Bere a aka no, saa nhyehyɛe yi tra ase a wɔmfa nni dwuma yiye. Batere a wɔde si hɔ wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so no twentwɛn ɔpepepem pii a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ no foforo ho no ase anaasɛ eyi fi hɔ.
Sɛ́ anka wɔbɛtrɛw tumi a wɔde fa nneɛma mu no mu de adi adesoa a ɛsen biara a ɛrenya nkɔanim ho dwuma no, nnwumakuw a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma no betumi de nneɛma a wɔkora so ahyɛ agyapade a ayɛ ma no ase. Battery no gyae wɔ bere tiaa bi a nnipa pii wɔ mu, na ɛmma enhia sɛ wɔyɛ conductor no foforo a ne bo yɛ den, wɔtrɛw substation mu, anaasɛ transformer foforo. 10-20 MW storage installation a ɛho ka yɛ dɔla ɔpepem 15-30 betumi ama nnwuma a wɔde fa nsuo mu a ɛboro dɔla ɔpepem 100 akɔ akyiri.
U.S. grid-scale ahoɔden a wɔkora so nnwuma a ɛreyɛ adwuma no de bɛboro dɔla ɔpepem 580 ma mpɔtam hɔfoɔ dedaw denam toɔ a wɔnya ne asase a wɔde tua ho ka so. Bere a wɔde di dwuma ntɛmntɛm-batere a wɔkora so no tumi buu mmɔho abien wɔ afe 2023 mu-sikasɛm mu ntoboa yi trɛw sɛnea ɛfata.
System-wide efficiency tu mpɔn denam renewable nkabom a eye so. Mframa ne owia ahoɔden ma anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ-zero marginal cost bere a wɔasisi no, nanso wɔn su a ɛyɛ bere ne bere mu no hwehwɛɛ wɔ abakɔsɛm mu sɛ wɔma gas turbines kɔ so yɛ adwuma sɛ backup. Ahoɔden a wɔkora so a ɛgyina hɔ pintinn no twetwe awoɔ ntoatoasoɔ a wɔtumi yɛ foforɔ a ɛboro soɔ wɔ mmerɛ a ɛho nhia pii mu na ɛgyae no wɔ berɛ a ɛdɔɔso, na ɛtew hia a ɛhia sɛ wɔyɛ afifideɛ a ɛnyɛ adwuma yie, a ne boɔ yɛ den a wɔde yɛ pɛtro a ɛfiri abo mu.
Wɔ California grid mu no, mprempren nneɛma a wɔkora so taa di anwummere akwan a ɛkɔ soro ho dwuma bere a owia ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma no so tew kɛse nanso nea wɔhwehwɛ no da so ara yɛ kɛse no. Eyi mma wontumi mfi gas turbine ahorow a ne bo yɛ den a anka ɛbɛyɛ adwuma nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi pɛ ase. Sika a wɔbom sie a efi pɛtro a efi abo mu a wɔtew so ne awo ntoatoaso a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye a wɔkwati mu no boro mfaso a ɛwɔ ankorankoro adwumayɛbea ahorow no so.
Renewable Integration Ma Sikakorabea a Ɛyɛ Nkabom Ba
Abusuabɔ a ɛda ahoɔden a wɔkora so a enhinhim ne ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo ntam no ma wonya mfaso a ɛdɔɔso sen sɛ ɛbɛka ho. Storage ma renewable generation yɛ sikasɛm mu mfaso wɔ applications wɔ baabi a kan no na ɛnte saa.
Mprempren owia ne mframa ma anyinam ahoɔden a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw sen pɛtro a efi abo mu wɔ ɛka a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ so-a ɛba fam te sɛ $23-31 wɔ MWh biara mu ma nnwuma a wɔde di dwuma-scale. Nanso, wɔn ntamgyinafo no de nkabom nsɛnnennen a adekorabea di ho dwuma bae. Ɛdenam awo ntoatoaso a wɔyɛ no foforo a ɛboro so a wɔkyere ne bere-sesa no ma ɛne ahwehwɛde hyia so no, batere bue ahoɔden fibea ahorow a ne bo nyɛ den yi bo a edi mũ.
Hawaii de nhwɛso a emu da hɔ ma. Sɛ wɔde pɛtro a efi abo mu ba nsupɔw no so ba a, ɛho ka boro asase kɛse so bo a wɔbɔ no so kɛse. Nnansa yi Hawaii Electric adwuma abien a wɔde nneɛma a wɔyɛ no foforo ne nneɛma a wɔkora so bom no nyaa sɛnt 8 wɔ kWh biara mu-ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ pɛtro a efi abo mu a wɔyɛ wɔ ɔman no mu no fã. Storage component no ma saa nnwuma yi tumi ma dispatchable power akansi ne atetesɛm awo ntoatoaso.
Mframa ne owia ahoɔden a wɔde hyɛ mu den denam nneɛma a wɔkora so so no de ɛka kakraa bi ka ho. Mframa ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma no bo yɛ sɛnt 2-3 wɔ kWh biara mu, bere a owia ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma no bo bɛyɛ sɛnt 10 wɔ kWh biara mu esiane da biara da adwumayɛ mfɛnsere ntiantiaa nti. Sɛ wɔde saa nneɛma a wɔde aka ho yi mpo a, nneɛma a wɔyɛ no foforo-plus-storage a wɔaka abom no taa brɛ fossil a wɔde si ananmu no ase.
Nhyehyɛe mu nkɛntɛnso no yɛ kɛse bere a nneɛma a wɔyɛ no foforo pii de di dwuma no. Owia anaa mframa gigawatt biara a wɔde bɛka ho no ma bo a ɛsom wɔ ahoɔden a wɔkora so a enhinhim so no yɛ kɛse denam bo mu nsonsonoe kɛse a ɛde ba bere a wɔde ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo boro so ne nea ɛho yɛ na ntam no so. Guadidan a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo a ɛkɔ soro no kyerɛ sɛ adekoradan a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛwɔ tumi nneɛma a ɛkorɔn na ɛkyere arbitrage bo kɛse.
Nea ɛto so abien-Nkwa Batere Bue -Ɛka a Wɔpaw a Ɛba Fam
Ɔkwan bi a ɛreba no ma ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so no so tew bio: anyinam ahoɔden kar batere a wɔbɛsan de adi dwuma ama grid dwumadie bere a enni kar adwumayɛ ho ahwehwɛdeɛ ho dwuma bio akyi.
EV batere taa kɔ pɛnhyen bere a ne tumi so tew kɔ 70-80% wɔ mfitiase-da so ara dɔɔso ma dwumadie a ɛgyina hɔ a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ kyinhyia a ɛnyɛ den pii. Saa batere a ɛwɔ nkwa a ɛtɔ so mmienu yi boɔ sua 30-70% sene batere foforɔ wɔ afe 2025 mu, a akontabuo a ɛfiri $44-180/kWh gyina sɔhwɛ, nsiesie kɛseɛ, ne gua so tebea so.
Batere a ɛto so abien-nkwa a wɔde ma no renya nkɔanim kɛse. Nsusuiɛ kyerɛ sɛ EV batere a wɔagyae adwuma no bɛtumi aboro 200 GWh afe biara wɔ afe 2030 mu-boro ahwehwɛdeɛ a wɔaka abom a ɛfa utility-scale storage foforɔ wɔ low ne high-cycle applications mu. Eyi ma wonya gua kɛse a ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛboro dɔla ɔpepepem 30 wɔ wiase nyinaa.
Nnwumakuw a Nissan, Renault, ne BMW ka ho reyɛ grid-connected stationary energy storage facilities dedaw denam EV batere a wɔasan de adi dwuma so. Nnansa yi ara Redwood Materials de 63 MWh a ɛyɛ nkwa nna a ɛtɔ so mmienu-batere akoraeɛ a ɛma data mmeaeɛ ahoɔden dii dwuma, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ aguadiɛ tumi yɛ yie wɔ kɛseɛ mu.
Sikasɛm mu nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ batere a ɛwɔ nkwa nna a ɛtɔ so mmienu-no tumi nya boɔ bɛyɛ $116/kWh berɛ a wɔanya wɔ 80% tumi mu na wɔde yɛ adwuma kɔsi sɛ ɛbɛduru 50% tumi. Wɔ wɔn a wɔkora ahoɔden so no fam no, saa ɛka a ɛba fam a wɔbɔ wɔ adetɔ ho yi ma adwuma no sikasɛm tu mpɔn bere mpo a wɔabu sɔhwɛ, nsiesie, ne nkabom ho ka akyi.
Sikasɛm mu mfaso a ɛwɔ kurukuruwa mu no trɛw sen ɛka a wɔbɔ. EV batere a wɔde di dwuma wɔ asetena mu dwumadie a ɛtɔ so mmienu-mu no brɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no ase sɛ wɔde toto nea wɔsan de di dwuma ntɛm ara ho bere a ɛtwentwɛn ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔtow gu ho ma wɔn a wɔyɛ kar no. Eyi dan nea anka ɛbɛyɛ nwura ho ka no ma ɛbɛyɛ bo a aka a ɛboa EV a wobetumi atɔ.
Long-Bere tenten Storage Bue Ka Foforo-Aplikeshene a Wɔkora So
Bere a lithium-ion batere di mu wɔ nnɔnhwerew 2-6 dwumadie mu no, ahoɔden a wɔkora so tenten-bere tenten (LDES) mfiridwuma a ɛrepue no de wɔn ani si dɔnhwereɛ 10+ bere a wɔde gu mu no so, na ɛbue hokwan ahodoɔ a ɛbɛtew ɛka so.
Mprempren lithium-ion sikasɛm yɛ adwuma yiye ma da biara da sakre-charging anadwo, dischargeging wɔ nnɔnhwerew a nnipa pii fa mu. Nanso, LDES mfiridwuma a ɛka ho ne batere a ɛsen, mframa a wɔahyɛ no den a wɔkora so, ne ɔhyew a wɔkora so no di mmere mu nsakrae ne wim tebea a esisi nna pii ho dwuma.
US Department of Energy de Long Duration Storage Shot sii hɔ a ɛde n’ani sii ɛka a wɔbɛtew so 90% wɔ afe 2030 mu, a wɔde sii wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛbɔ $0.05/kWh levelized cost. Bere a mprempren nsusuwii ahorow kyerɛ sɛ mfiridwuma dodow no ara boro saa botae yi so no, sɛ wɔde nneɛma foforo a wɔyɛ no yiye di dwuma a, ebetumi ama nsu mu ahoɔden a wɔde pɔmpɛ, mframa a wɔahyɛ no den a wɔkora so, ne batere a ɛsen no aba fam sen $0.05/kWh.
Ɛka asɛm no mu yɛ den bere a bere tenten a wɔde sie no kɔ soro no. Nnɔnhwerew 4-lithium-ion nhyehyɛe no bo bɛyɛ $200-250/kWh, nanso sɛ wɔtrɛw mu kɔ nnɔnhwerew 10 a, ɛma ɛka no kɔ soro kodu $300-350/kWh nkutoo esiane ahoɔden/tumi ho ka nhyehyɛe nti. LDES nhyehyɛe ahorow betumi anya sikasɛm a eye mpo wɔ bere tenten mu.
Saa nhyehyeɛ a ɛkyɛ-no ma grid nsakraeɛ a emu dɔ tumi yɛ adwuma. Sɛ́ anka wɔbɛma adesoa a wɔde fa nneɛma so da biara da no ayɛ mmerɛw kɛkɛ no, LDES betumi ayi hia a ehia sɛ wɔkora fango a efi abo mu no so sɛ bere mu nneɛma a wɔde boa no afi hɔ. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ LDES a ɛwɔ hɔ a ɛho ka yɛ papa-ɛtumi tew ahwehwɛdeɛ a ɛfa abɔdeɛ mu mframa foforɔ a ɛbɛtumi ayɛ adwuma ho no so bɛboro 200 GW wɔ net-zero scenarios mu.
Guadi Nhyehyɛe ne Nkannyan Ma Sikakorabea Yɛ kɛse
Nhyehyɛeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ne gua so nhyehyeɛ nya ɛka{0}}teteɛ tumi a ɛfiri ahoɔden a wɔkora so a ɛgyina hɔ pintinn no so nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛseɛ.
Ɔman no nkuranhyɛ a ɛnam Inflation Reduction Act so ma towtua a wɔde ma wɔ ahoɔden a wɔkora so a egyina hɔ ma no ho, na ɛma adwuma no sikasɛm tu mpɔn. Ɔman-gyinabea renewable portfolio gyinapɛn ma ahwehwɛde foforo ba, bere a mpɔtam binom de ahyɛde pɔtee a wɔde sie ma-California de asi n’ani so sɛ 1,325 MW, Massachusetts de asi n’ani so sɛ 1,000 MWh, na New York de 1,500 MW botae asi hɔ.
Tumi gua so kyɛfa a wonya no de sika a wonya sen ahoɔden arbitrage ka ho. Nneɛma a wɔde sie nneɛma betumi atɔn tumi a wɔde ma ahoɔden a wotumi de ho to so wɔ tebea horow a ɛsen biara mu, na wonya sika a wotua wɔ sɛnea ɛwɔ hɔ ho ɛmfa ho sɛnea wɔde bɛkɔ ankasa. Guadidan binom tua $50-150/kW-afe ma tumi bɔhyɛ ahorow.
Nnwuma a ɛboa ma hokwan ahorow a ɛsom bo kɛse-. Ahoɔden a wɔkora so a ɛgyina hɔ no di mu wɔ frequency regulation-ɛyɛ nsakraeɛ ntɛmntɛm wɔ output mu de kura grid stability-earning premiums for fast response times. Saa dwumadie yi tumi nya $100-300/kW afe biara a egyina gua so mmara so.
Virtual power plant nhyehyɛe ahorow no boaboa nneɛma a wɔde sie a wɔakyekyɛ ano, na ɛma nnwumakuw a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma no tumi de batere a ɛwɔ atrae ne aguadi mu kɔ bere a nhyehyɛe no dɔɔso sen biara no. Wuranom a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu no nya adwumayɛ ho ka bere a wɔtew nhyehyɛe-wide ka so. Saa nhwɛsoɔ yi de mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ adetɔfoɔ pii mu no bom sene sɛ ɛde bɛka nhyehyɛeɛ wuranom akɛseɛ ho.
Bere{0}}de-de di dwuma rate nhyehyɛe ahorow no ma arbitrage hokwan ahorow ma atrae ne aguadi adetɔfo. Ɛdenam nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma a wɔdan fi bere a ne bo yɛ den a wɔde di dwuma kɛse so kɔ nnɔnhwerew a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔde di dwuma anadwo so no, nneɛma a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe ahorow no kyere nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 10-15 wɔ kWh biara mu. Afe afe sika a wɔkora so dɔla 500-2,000 taa yɛ nea wɔtaa de sie wɔ adan a wɔde sie wɔ atrae mu, na aguadi nhyehyɛe ahorow no sie sika pii kɛse.
Daakye Ka a Wɔbɔ no Kyerɛw Kɔ Fam
Nneɛma pii a ɛrekɔ so kyerɛ sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so atew ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ ahoɔden a wɔkora so wɔ baabiara ho kosi afe 2030 ne nea ɛbɛba akyiri yi.
Manufacturing scale na ɛma adesua curve mfaso. Abakɔsɛm mu no, nneɛma a wɔyɛ a wɔaboaboa ano no mmɔho abien biara ma lithium-ion batere ho ka so tew 18-28%. Ɛnam sɛ wiase nyinaa batere a wɔde di dwuma no adu TWh 1 wɔ afe 2024 mu-ɛboro dapɛn baako mu sene afe mũ nyinaa wɔ mfeɛ du a atwam no mu-adesua kwan no kɔ so yɛ ntɛmntɛm.
Nneɛma foforo a wɔyɛ wɔ nnuruyɛ mu no ma ɛka ne adwumayɛ tu mpɔn bere koro mu. Sodium-ion batere betumi anya bɛyɛ $0.31/kWh a ɛba fam wɔ levelized ka a ɛba fam sen mprempren options. Lead-acid nkɔsoɔ kyerɛ tumi a ɛte saa ara. Saa akwan foforo yi tew ahotoso a wɔde to lithium a wɔde ma so bere a wɔtrɛw hokwan ahorow a wɔde di dwuma mu no.
Supply chain localization wɔ U.S. ne Europa bɛka mpɔtam hɔ boɔ. Bere a ebetumi ama ɛka akɔ soro bere tiaa bi-sɛ wɔde toto Chinafo nneɛma a wɔde fi amannɔne ba ho a, ɔman no mu nneɛma a wɔyɛ no nya mfaso fi IRA nkuranhyɛ mu na eyi towtua a wɔda no adi no fi hɔ. Wɔresi batere adwumayɛbea ahorow pii a ɛyɛ gigawatt-scale wɔ Amerika Atifi fam nyinaa.
Soft costs-ma kwan, nkitahodi, mfiridwuma, instɔlehyɛn-gyina hɔ ma nhyehyɛe ho ka nyinaa afã horow a ɛkɔ soro bere a hardware bo kɔ fam no. Ɛsɛ sɛ gyinapɛn, pene nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne osuahu a wɔaboaboa ano wɔ instɔlehyɛn mu no brɛ saa nneɛma yi ase. Akontaabu binom kyerɛ sɛ ɛka a wɔbɔ no mmerɛw betumi akɔ fam 25-40% wɔ afe 2030 mu.
Round-trip efficiency nkɔsoɔ kora ahoɔden a wɔtumi de di dwuma pii wɔ cycle biara mu. Mprempren lithium-ion nhyehyɛe ahorow no tumi yɛ adwuma yiye 85-90%, nanso awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow no de wɔn ani si 92-95% so. Saa nkɔso a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ ketewaa yi nya asetra mu sikasɛm so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, na ɛtew ka a wɔbɔ wɔ sika a wɔbɔ ho so na ɛtrɛw tumi a mfaso wɔ so no mu.
Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa
Nneɛma a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe bɛn na ɛho hia ma ɛka-a ɛyɛ papa a wɔde yiyi peak?
System sizing gyina wo pɔtee adesoa profile ne peak ahwehwɛde charge nhyehyɛe. Aguadi mu dwumadie dodoɔ no ara nya mfasoɔ firi 100-500 kWh nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛtumi de nnɔnhwereɛ 1-3 gu mu wɔ adesoa a ɛso tew kɛseɛ mu. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛfa interval mita data ho no kyerɛ tumi a eye sen biara-mpɛn pii no ɛdɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛtew ahwehwɛde a ɛsen biara so 20-40% bere a wɔhwɛ sikasɛm mu ka mfɛnsere so. Facilities a wotua demand charges boro $15/kW ɔsram biara no taa hu sanba wɔ mfe 5-7 mu.
So ahoɔden a wɔkora so wɔ atrae betumi atew ɛka so a owia ahoɔden mfiri nni hɔ?
Yiw, ɛwom sɛ sikasɛm gu ahorow wɔ mmeae ahorow de. Afie a ɛwɔ bere-de{2}}de di dwuma no betumi anya mfaso afi da biara da arbitrage a enni owia awo ntoatoaso mpo mu denam batere a wɔde bɛbɔ anadwo biako a ɛyɛ $0.08-0.12/kWh na wɔayi afi mu wɔ $0.25-0.40/kWh anwummere bere a ɛsen biara no so. Sika a wɔde sie $40-100 ɔsram biara no yɛ nea wobetumi anya wɔ rate nhyehyɛe pa mu. Owia ahoɔden a wɔde ka ho no ma mfaso a wonya no tu mpɔn kɛse denam ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ sika a wɔbɔ ho a woyi fi hɔ koraa bere a wogye nneɛma a wɔde tɔ nneɛma a wɔkwati a ɛkɔ soro mpo no so.
Sɛ wɔde toto nneɛma a wɔkora so ho ka ho wɔ mfiridwuma ahorow mu dɛn?
Lithium-ion di mprempren dwumadie so wɔ $165/kWh sɛ wɔkyekyɛ mu wɔ wiase nyinaa, a ɛka a ɛsono firi $85/kWh wɔ China kɔsi $236/kWh wɔ US Flow batteries boɔ yɛ $200-400/kWh nanso ɛkyɛ kyɛ wɔ sakre a anohyetoɔ nni mu. Mframa a wɔahyɛ no den ne nsu a wɔde pɔmpɛ ayɛ no ma wɔbɔ ka a ɛba fam koraa wɔ nsenia mu ($100-150/kWh) nanso ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wonya asasesin pɔtee bi. EV batere a ɛwɔ nkwa a ɛto so abien no ma ɔkwan a ɛho ka sua sen biara wɔ $44-180/kWh a egyina tumi a aka so.
Ɛka bɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ wɔbɛbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔde sie baabiara ho?
Dwumadie a wɔasiesie ne nsiesie taa yɛ $5-15/kW afe biara ma utility-scale systems, a residential systems hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ nsiesie ketewaa bi a ɛboro software updates a ɛba bere ne bere mu ne aniwa so nhwehwɛmu. Battery a wɔsesa no gyina hɔ ma nkwa nna mu ka kɛseɛ-lithium-ion battery sɛe bɛyɛ 2-3% afe biara, ɛhia sɛ wɔsesa wɔ mfeɛ 10-15 akyi a egyina sɛnea wɔde di dwuma ne tebea a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so. Inverter a wɔsesa no kɔ so mfeɛ 10-12 biara wɔ bɛyɛ 15% wɔ mfitiaseɛ nhyehyɛeɛ no ho ka mu.
Yɛrekɔ N’anim
Ahoɔden a wɔkora so a ɛgyina hɔ pintinn no sesa anyinam ahoɔden sikasɛm denam nea wɔde di dwuma tẽẽ, nhyehyɛe mu ahoɔden a wɔde sie, ne ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo a wɔde ka bom so. Esiane sɛ ɛka so retew ntɛmntɛm na application ahorow redɔɔso nti, nneɛma a wɔkora so resakra afi mfiridwuma a ɛyɛ soronko so akɔ nneɛma atitiriw a wɔde di dwuma so.
Nkontaabu no reyɛ adwuma yiye kɛse. Batere a wɔde di gua a ne bo yɛ dɔla 500,000 a ɛde $75,000 a wɔde sie afe afe ahwehwɛde ho ka ma bere a ɛkyere $25,000 wɔ arbitrage hokwan ahorow mu no tua ka wɔ mfe anum mu. Fa tumi a wotua, ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ foforo ho bosea, anaa sika foforo a wonya ka ho, na mfaso a wonya no kɔ so ntɛmntɛm.
Mfeɛ du a ɛreba no bɛma nneɛma a wɔkora so ho ka akɔ so akɔ fam akɔ $100/kWh anaa nea ɛba fam ama utility systems berɛ a atenaeɛ a wɔde besisi hɔ no bɛn $200-300/kWh all-in. Wɔ saa boɔ yi mu no, nteaseɛ wɔ sikasɛm mu nteaseɛ wɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so ma dwumadie a ɛtrɛ nkakrankakra a wɔmfa mmoa anaa gua so tebea soronko biara nni mu.
Wɔ ahyehyɛde ahorow a wɔresusuw sika a wɔde asie wɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so ho no, ɛnyɛ asɛmmisa no ne sɛ ebia mfiridwuma no brɛ ɛka so-adanse a ɛtrɛw si so dua sɛ ɛtew saa. Nsɛmmisa ankasa no fa nhyehyɛe no kɛse, application a wɔpaw, ne bere a wɔde yɛ ho. Esiane sɛ sikasɛm renya nkɔso na mfaso a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden so a ɛretrɛw nti, asɛm a ɛfa ahoɔden a wɔkora so a enhinhim ho no mu yɛ den ɔsram biara.