Ogya ne Nneɛma a Wɔkora So Mpɛn pii Ho Mmara Nhyehyɛe a Wɔaka abom

Battery ahoɔden a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe ahorowɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ tumi a wɔyɛ, nea wɔde fa ne nea wɔde di dwuma nyinaa mu. Esiane wɔn mmuae bere tiaa, nsakrae ahoɔhare ntɛmntɛm ne control pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛkorɔn nti, wɔde ntrɛwmu kɛse ne nkɔso ba wɔ dwumadi anaa adwumayɛ mu wɔ application mmeae nyinaa.

Nnyinasosɛm Titiriw a Ɛfa AGC ho wɔ Ɔhyew Tumi Nkurow mu

Wɔfrɛ automatic control nhyehyɛe a ɛfa frequency ne active power a ɛwɔ power system mu no Automatic Generator Control (AGC). Ɛtaa kyerɛ sɛ botaeɛ adesoa ahyɛdeɛ a ɛkɔ soro anaa ɛso tew ankasa ma generating units tẽẽ denam power grid dispatch center no so denam distributed control system (DCS) so. Ɛyɛ adwuma titiriw a ɛma wonya unit ahorow.

Wɔ adwene a ɛne sɛ wɔbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn-a ɛyɛ papa ase no, AGC (Automatic Generation Control) di bere ankasa-a ɛkari pɛ a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a wɔde ma ne nea wɔhwehwɛ no ho dwuma, na ɛyɛ adesoa nsakrae ho biribi wɔ simma kakraa bi kosi simma du du mu, ma enti ɛyɛ frequency regulation a ɛto so abien no dea. Ne nnwuma titire no bi ne sɛ ɔbɛhwɛ grid frequency no so wɔ mfomsoɔ kwan a wɔma ho kwan no mu, kyerɛ sɛ, frequency error-free adjustment; ahoɔden a wɔde sesa nneɛma a ɛwɔ grid a ɛka bom no so ma ɛyɛ adwuma sɛnea bo a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe no te; anyinam ahoɔden a wɔsesa a ɛwɔ grid a ɛka bom no mu no sohwɛ wɔ anohyeto a wɔayɛ ho nhyehyɛe no mu; na wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛbɛma anyinam ahoɔden mfiri (akuw) a ɛde wɔn ho hyɛ akyirikyiri mmara mu no ayɛ adwuma sɛnea sikasɛm mu nkyekyɛmu nnyinasosɛm a eye sen biara te, sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛma mfaso a ɛwɔ grid no so no ayɛ kɛse, wɔ adwene a ɛne sɛ wobedi grid ahobammɔ anohyeto ahorow, grid frequency, ne abɔnten so net exchange power nhyehyɛe no ho dwuma, na wɔnam saayɛ so de wɔn ho ahyɛ tertiary frequency regulation mu.

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ sɛ anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe no bɛyɛ adwuma a ahobammɔ wom na ɛyɛ den no, ahwehwɛde ahorow a wɔde asi wɔn ani so wɔ hɔ a ɛfa tumi ne tumi a wotumi sesa a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden akuw a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ AGC (Automatic Generation Control) adwumayɛ mu no ho. Wɔ China ahoɔden nhyehyɛe mu no, tumi a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ AGC mu no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ bɛboro 50% wɔ tumi a wɔde ahyɛ nhyehyɛe no mu nyinaa mu, na tumi a wotumi sesa a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma a ɛde wɔn ho hyɛ AGC mu no yɛ bɛboro 15% wɔ nhyehyɛe no mu adesoa a ɛsen biara no mu. Titiriw no, wɔ ɔhyew tumi akuw a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ AGC mu no, bere a tumi a wɔahyɛ no yɛ P no, tumi nhyehyɛe no kwan no taa yɛ 50%P kosi 100%P; tumi nsakraeɛ dodoɔ a ɛkyɛn so wɔ simma biara mu yɛ 3%P; ɛsɛ sɛ adesoa nhyehyɛe mmuae bere no nnu sikani 30; na wɔ dynamic regulation error ho no, sɛ yɛfa 300MW thermal power unit sɛ nhwɛsoɔ a, regulation mfomsoɔ no nnu 3MW, na mfomsoɔ a ɛkyɛn soɔ no nnu 5MW.

 

AGC nhyehyeɛ no, sɛdeɛ wɔakyerɛ wɔ mfonini no mu no, titire ne AGC controller a ɛwɔ power grid dispatch center, real-time transmission channel, remote control unit (RTU), ne unit no DCS. Tumi grid dispatch center, a egyina real-bere data a ɛfa grid adesoa, unit adwumayɛ tebea, ne grid frequency, de akyirikyiri de load kɔ units no so, na ɛma AGC ahyɛdeɛ.

Wɔde saa ahyɛdeɛ yi fa akyirikyiri nkra kwan no so kɔ anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea no RTU, te sɛ ɛnam nkitahodiɛ a ɛfa afiri a wɔde fa nneɛma so. Afei RTU no de AGC ahyɛdeɛ no kɔ sɛ 4-20mA mprempren nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ kɔ unit no DCS. DCS no sesa unit no ahoɔden ankasa a ɛba no gyina adesoa anohyeto ne adesoa nsakrae rate setpoints so, di AGC ahyɛde ahorow no akyi. Bere koro no ara mu no, unit no bere ankasa -bere tebea, te sɛ tumi a ɛba ankasa, AGC dwumadie tebea, adesoa ne nsakraeɛ dodoɔ anohyetoɔ, dane kɔ 4-20mA nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ denam transmitters so na wɔde kɔ RTU. Afei RTU no dane unit no ankasa-bere tebea kɔ telemetry data mu, a wɔde kɔ power grid dispatch center no so denam akyirikyiri nkra kwan no so denam high-frequency carrier nkitahodi so. Enti, AGC yɛ akyirikyiri closed-loop control system ma tumi a wɔde yɛ adwuma no, a wɔde kɔmputa so Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) nhyehyɛe, generator set coordination control system, ne nsɛm a wɔde mena nhyehyɛe a wotumi de ho to so kɛse so.

AGC nhyehyeɛ ne mmuaeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛtaa ba wɔ thermal power unit mu no wɔakyerɛ wɔ mfonini no mu:

Sɛ́ adwuma a wɔde boa a wotua ho ka a anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea ahorow de ma anyinam ahoɔden nhama no, AGC (Automatic Generation Control) no, ɔmantam mu anyinam ahoɔden nhama ahorow na ɛhwɛ so denam mmara a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛne no hyia a wɔde di dwuma ma nhama-awo ntoatoaso a ɛka boa adwuma sohwɛ ne grid-a ɛka bom yɛ adwumayɛ ho nhyehyɛe (a wɔfrɛ no "mmara abien no"). Saa mmara yi de mmara a ɛkɔ akyiri ma wɔ adwumayɛ ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu akontabuo ne nhwehwɛmu akwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma a wɔde boa a wɔtua ho ka, a AGC ka ho. Sɛ yɛfa "mmara mmienu" (2019 revised version) a ɛfa anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea a ɛwɔ North China mantam anyinam ahoɔden nhama mu sɛ nhwɛsoɔ a, nhwehwɛmu nsɛnkyerɛnneɛ a ɛfa generator units a ɛde AGC dwumadie ma no bi ne mfasoɔ nkyerɛkyerɛmu K_Ane mmara adwumayɛ ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu K_p, baabi a K_pno akyerɛ wɔ ɔkwan a edidi so yi mu:

K_p=K₁×K₂×K₃

Wɔ formula no mu no: