Ɛlektrik ahoɔden a wɔkora sotitiriw no, nea ɛka ho ne supercapacitor ahoɔden a wɔkora so ne superconducting ahoɔden a wɔkora so. Kan no de anyinam ahoɔden sie anyinam ahoɔden mu, bere a nea etwa to no sie anyinam ahoɔden wɔ magnetic field mu. Ɛlektrik ahoɔden a wɔkora so no wɔ mfasoɔ kɛseɛ wɔ ahoɔden dodoɔ ne kyinhyia nkwa nna mu, ɛbɛtumi atew nkɛntɛnsoɔ a ɛfiri anyinam ahoɔden a ɛtwa ntɛm ara mu no so, asiw ahoɔden a ɛwosow a ɛba fam-frequency wɔ grid no mu ano, na ama ahoɔden ne frequency su atu mpɔn.
Supercapacitor ahoɔden a wɔkora so
Supercapacitors, a wɔsan frɛ no electrochemical capacitors, yɛ mfiri a wɔde sie ahoɔden a ɛnam ahoɔden a ɛboaboa ano wɔ electrode no ani so sie ahoɔden. Ɛsono sɛnea wɔkora ahoɔden so wɔ batere a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no ho; wɔkora ahoɔden so denam charge a ɛnam ɔfa abien a ɛwɔ electrode-electrolyte ntam no so. Supercapacitors wɔ ahoɔden density a ɛkorɔn yiye, ultra-long cycle nkwa, ne ntɛmntɛm charge-discharge tumi, ma enti wonya mfaso kɛse wɔ anyinam ahoɔden kar, regenerative breki nhyehyɛe, backup power supplies, ne grid frequency regulation. Nanso, ahoɔden a ɛwɔ supercapacitors mu no sua koraa, ɛba fam koraa sen lithium-ion battery de, na ɛma ɛfata ma dwumadie a ɛhia sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ bere tiaa mu, ahoɔden kɛseɛ-mu. Daakye, esiane nkɔso a aba wɔ nneɛma ho nyansahu mu nti, wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ahoɔden a ɛwɔ supercapacitors mu no bɛkɔ soro bio, na ɛnam so atrɛw wɔn dwumadie mu wɔ ahoɔden a wɔkora so gua so.
Wobetumi akyekyɛ supercapacitors mu titiriw ayɛ no akuw abiɛsa: anyinam ahoɔden double-layer capacitors, Faraday capacitors, ne hybrid supercapacitors. Electric double-layer capacitors de carbon nneɛma di dwuma sɛ electrodes, baabi a charge mpaapaemu ba wɔ solid-liquid interface a ɛnam contact ne electrolyte no so hyehyɛe, na ɛma anyinam ahoɔden double-layer nhyehyɛe. Saa capacitors yi fa honam fam charge adsorption ne desorption akwan bere a charge ne discharge. Ɛwom sɛ anyinam ahoɔden double-layer capacitors wɔ ahoɔden density a ɛkorɔn ne nkwa tenten de, nanso wɔn ahoɔden density sua koraa. Mprempren, saa mfiri yi anya aguadi mu mfaso.
Faraday capacitors de dade oxides anaa conductive polymers di dwuma sɛ electrode nneɛma, faako a adsorption capacitance nam redox reactions so wɔ soro ne shallow bulk mmeae a saa nneɛma yi. Nnyinasosɛm a ɛfa saa capacitor yi adwumayɛ ho no te sɛ nea wɔyɛ wɔ battery mu no; sɛ wɔde electrode soro mmeae a ɛte saa ara ma a, ebetumi ama anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden abien-layer capacitor no ahoɔden mmɔho pii. Nanso, wɔ tumi su ma instantaneous high-current discharge ne cycle nkwa, Faraday capacitors nyɛ adwuma yiye te sɛ anyinam ahoɔden double-layer capacitors. Bio nso, Faraday capacitors nso hyia nsɛnnennen te sɛ adwumayɛ ho ka a ɛkɔ soro ne mfiridwuma no nnya nnyinii koraa.
Hybrid supercapacitors agye din wɔ ahoɔden a ɛdɔɔso ne nkwa tenten a ɛwɔ mu no ho. Ɛwom sɛ mprempren wɔreyɛ aguadi mfiase de, nanso wɔwɔ daakye nkɔso kɛse.
Superconducting ahoɔden a wɔkora so
Superconducting ahoɔden a wɔkora so yɛ anyinam ahoɔden akoraeɛ mfiridwuma a ɛde superconductors di dwuma de sie anyinam ahoɔden wɔ tebea a ɛko tia-free mu. Nea ɛka ne nnyinasosɛm a ɛyɛ adwuma ho ne sɛ ɛbɛma magnetic field a emu yɛ den aba denam current a ɛkɔ tẽẽ a ɛwɔ superconducting coil mu so, na ɛnam so akora ahoɔden so, na wɔagyae no denam current a ɛba bere a ɛho hia so. Esiane sɛ superconductors nni ahoɔden a ɛko tia wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam mu nti, superconducting ahoɔden a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe ahorow betumi anya charge ne discharge a ɛkorɔn yiye a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ahoɔden biara nhwere. Bio nso, superconducting ahoɔden a wɔkora so no wɔ mmuae bere a ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm yiye, ɛma charge ne discharge wɔ milliseconds mu, na ɛma ɛfata ma ntɛm ara voltage regulation ne frequency control wɔ power systems mu. Nanso, ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ ahoɔden a wɔde sie ahoɔden a ɛboro so ho no yɛ kɛse, na nea anohyeto wom titiriw esiane nneɛma a ɛma ahoɔden a ɛboro so ne mfiridwuma a ɛma onwini a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔayɛ nti. Enti, mprempren dwumadie dodoɔ no ara wɔ mmeaeɛ titire a ɛhia ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn, ahoɔden a wɔkora so bere tiaa-, te sɛ grid a ɛgyina pintinn ne asraafoɔ nnwinnadeɛ.
Nneɛma a ɛtaa yɛ superconducting ne superconductors a ɛba fam-te sɛ Nb-Ti ne Nb3Sn, ne superconductors a ɛwɔ ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn te sɛ Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) ne Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide (BSCCO). Superconductors a ɛwɔ ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn-wɔ ɔhyew a ɛho hia a ɛkorɔn sen superconductors a ɛwɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam, na ɛtew onwini a wɔhwehwɛ so na ɛma ahoɔden a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe a ɛboro so no yɛ nea mfaso wɔ so na ɛho nhia pii.