Ahoɔden a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔ anim (AES) yɛ, ne titiriw no, batere a wɔama no amemene. Ebia ɛno ne ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara a yɛbɛfa so aka. Wofa battery-a ɛtaa yɛ lithium-ion nnansa yi, ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa-na wode bɔ smartahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma ho nhyehyɛeɛno nim bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ka, bere a ɛsɛ sɛ woyi fi mu, ne sɛnea wɔyɛ abien no nyinaa a wɔrensɛe tumi anaa sika. Ɔfã a "ɛkɔ anim" no nyɛ nea ɛfa battery no ankasa ho ankasa sɛ ɛyɛ daakye mfiridwuma bi. Ɛfa nyansa a wɔabɔ ho ban no ho.
Nnipa dodow no ara hyia asɛmfua no bere a wɔrehwɛ aguadi anaa mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma no. Susuw aguadidan ahorow, adwumayɛbea ahorow a wɔyɛ nneɛma, data mmeae ahorow ho. Mmeae a anyinam ahoɔden ho ka betumi ayɛ nwonwa na ahwehwɛde ho ka-saa sika a egyina wo dwumadie a ɛsen biara so-betumi ayɛ wo utility ka nyinaa mu ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu aduasa kɔsi 70. Ɛno nyɛ mfomso a wɔde kyerɛw. Nnwumakuw binom tua ka kɛse wɔ wɔn ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro sen biara wɔ simma 15 mu no ho sen sɛnea wotua wɔ anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde di dwuma ankasa nyinaa ho.
Dɛn Nti na Wɔyɛ Basabasayɛ Wɔ Peak Shaving Ho?
Ɛha na AES nya ne keep ankasa. Wɔfrɛ adwene no peak shaving, na ɛyɛ elegantly simple bere a woate ase no.
Fa adwumayɛbea bi a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye da mũ nyinaa no ho mfonini wɔ w’adwenem. Afei, 2 PM no, mframa a wɔde yɛ adwuma no bɔ kɔ gear a ɛkorɔn mu, nhama abiɛsa a wɔde yɛ kɔfe no kɔ soro bere koro mu, na wɔde hama bɔ kɔfe mfiri a wɔde yɛ ahomegye dan no mu. Ebia simma aduonu, beae no retwe tumi te sɛ nea ɔkyena nni hɔ. Saa spike-saa spike tiawa, a ne bo yɛ den-ne nea utility no de bu ahwehwɛde ho ka wɔ ɔsram no nyinaa mu.
AES bi te hɔ, rehwɛ. Sɛ ohu sɛ nneɛma a wɔhwehwɛ no reyɛ ayɛ kɛse asen baabi a wɔahyɛ ato hɔ a, efi ase komm de ahoɔden a wɔde asie no kɔ ɔdan no anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe no mu. Grid no hu twetwe a ɛyɛ tratraa na ɛyɛ pintinn. Spike no nya "shaved" off. Adwumayɛbea no gye mpempem pii nkwa. Obiara nni mu mpo nhu sɛ biribiara asi.
Software a ɛde saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi di dwuma no anya nkɔanim a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Nnɛyi AES controllers de nkɔmhyɛ algorithms-ɛtɔ da bi a mfiri adesua ankasa-di dwuma de hwɛ kwan sɛ ahwehwɛde bɛkɔ soro ansa na aba. Wosua ɔdan no nsusuwso. Wonim sɛ Yawda awia yɛ duru sen Fida. Wɔn na wobu wim tebea ho nkɔmhyɛ ahorow ho akontaa. Nhyehyɛe ahorow bi ka sɛ ɛtew nneɛma a wɔhwehwɛ sen biara so ɔha biara mu nkyem 30 anaa nea ɛboro saa, ɛwom sɛ akwansin a wobɛfa so no bɛsono a egyina wo load profile so de.
DC Fast Charging Nkitahodi no
Eyi ne baabi a nneɛma yɛ anigye titiriw ma obiara a ɔwɔ EV infrastructure adwuma no mu.
DC fast chargers yɛ tumi-mmoa a ɔkɔm de wɔn. Charger biako a ne kɛse yɛ kW 350, a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ baabi a ɛdannan koraa no betumi asi mpɔtam hɔ grid nhyehyɛe so dua wɔ akwan horow so a ɔfese dan ketewa bi rennyɛ saa da. Fa wɔn mu du to ɔkwan kɛse so charge station na worehwɛ ahwehwɛde a ebetumi aba a ɛne mfiridwuma ketewa bi di asi. Mpɛn pii no, grid no nsiesiee ne ho mmaa saa, titiriw wɔ nkurow nketewa anaa nkuraase fã bi a na wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no kɛse ama pɛtro adwumayɛbea ne adidibea ahorow, na ɛnyɛ megawatt-scale anyinam ahoɔden adesoa.
AES a wɔde si mmeae a wɔbɔ charge no di atirimpɔw abien ho dwuma. Wɔbuffer grid impact-smoothing out those violent demand swings bere a kar pii plug in bere koro mu-na wɔtew demand charges a anka ɛbɛma fast charges sikasɛm mu anyɛ yiye. Wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma no binom bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔtew adwumayɛ ho ka so ɔha biara mu nkyem 70 anaa nea ɛboro saa bere a wɔde batere a wɔde sie aka ho akyi. Ɛno ne nsonsonoe a ɛda charging station a mfaso wɔ so ne nea ɛma mogya tu no ntam.
Afei nso, asɛm a mfaso wɔ so a ɛfa instɔlehyɛn bere nhyehyɛe ho no wɔ hɔ. Grid nkitahodi a ɛfata a wobɛnya ama high-power charging site no betumi agye mfeɛ pii. Mfeɛ!Battery a wɔde siema wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma no bue mmeae ahorow ntɛmntɛm, na wɔde anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw a anka ɛrennɔɔso di dwuma.
Battery Chemistry: Wɔn a Wɔtaa Wosusuw
Lithium-ion di AES gua so, na ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛn titiriw. Mfiridwuma no fɛm ne ahotoso fii ɛlɛtrɔnik mfiri a wɔde di dwuma ne kar a anyinam ahoɔden wom mu, faako a ɛdaa ne ho adi wɔ mfe du du pii mu no. Ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛyɛ den. Kyinhyia nkwa tenten-nhyehyɛe ahorow bi hyɛ bɔ sɛ wɔde mfe 20 bɛyɛ ɔsom adwuma a mfaso wɔ so. Mmere a wɔde bua mmuae ntɛmntɛm a wɔde milisekɔn susuw, na ɛnyɛ sikɔne.
Nanso lithium-ion nyɛ nea enni nneɛma.
Thermal runaway da so ara yɛ ade a ɛhaw adwene ankasa. Sɛ lithium-ion nkwammoaa yɛ hyew dodo-sɛ́ ɛyɛ nea efi nneɛma a wɔyɛ mu sintɔ, nipadua mu ɔsɛe, anaa ayayade-wobetumi akɔhyɛn wɔn ankasa-adeyɛ a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobegyae mu. Moss Landing adwumayɛbea ogya a ɛtɔeɛ wɔ California no yɛɛ nsɛmti wɔ afe 2025 mfitiaseɛ mu, berɛ a batere a ɛyɛ 300 MW a ne titire no sɛee ne ho na ɛhyɛɛ nnipa bɛyɛ 1,500 a wɔbɛn hɔ no ma wɔtu fii hɔ. Saa nsɛm a esisi yi ntaa nsi, nanso ɛntaa nsi sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obiara betumi ayɛ nea ɔpɛ.
Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) nnuruyɛ ada adi sɛ ɔkwan foforo a ahobammɔ wom wɔ lithium-ion abusua no mu. Iron phosphate-oxide nkitahodi no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den wɔ nhyehyɛe mu sen cobalt-oxide nkitahodi a ɛwɔ atetesɛm lithium-ion nkwammoaa mu. Wɔ ahoɔden a ɛboro so anaa nipadua mu nhyɛso mu no, LFP nkwammoaa no kura wɔn nhyehyɛe mu wɔ baabi a ebia nnuru afoforo befi ase ayi ɔhyew afi nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu. Ɔhyew a ɛguan ma LFP te bɛyɛ digrii 270 , sɛ wɔde toto bɛyɛ digrii 210 ma nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batere ho a. Saa nsonsonoe no ho hia.
Nanso nwi bi a wɔnka ho asɛm sɛnea ɛsɛ ni: nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ nnansa yi kyerɛ sɛ LFP batere no yɛ mframa a ɛtumi hyew pii ankasa sen NMC batere bere a ɔhyew guankɔbea ba ampa. Mframa no sɔ gya wɔ dodow a ɛba fam mu. Enti bere a ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ LFP bɛhyɛn thermal runaway mu wɔ nea edi kan no mu no, sɛ ɛba saa a, ebia nea ebefi mu aba no renyɛ nea ɛyɛ hu sɛnea nneɛma a wɔde di gua no kyerɛ no. Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den.
Flow Batteries: Agorudi a Ɛware no
Vanadium redox flow batteries gye niche a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛyɛ daakye a ɛyɛ grid storage anaasɛ daa nso-ran, egyina nea wubisa no so.
Mfiridwuma no sie ahoɔden wɔ nsu a wɔde yɛ anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde sie abɔnten nsukorabea mu. Wopɛ sɛ wunya tumi pii? Fa tank akɛse ka ho kɛkɛ. Wɔapaapae tumi ne ahoɔden afã horow no mu koraa, na ɛno yɛ fɛ wɔ mfiridwuma mu. Electrolyte no nsɛe ɔkwan a lithium-ion electrodes fa so -vanadium flow battery tumi di akɔneaba wɔ nsusuwii mu daa. Ebinom a wɔyɛ nneɛma kyerɛ sɛ 20,000+ deep discharge cycles a ntease biara nni tumi fade. Wobetumi mpo de electrolyte no adi dwuma bio wɔ nhyehyɛe foforo mu bere a wɔde mfe 25 ayɛ adwuma awie no.
Vanadium flow battery a ɛso sen biara wɔ wiase-175 MW a ɛwɔ 700 MWh a ɛkora so-baa intanɛt so wɔ Ushi, China, wɔ afe 2024 awieeɛ.Nnɔnhwereɛ anan a ɛkyɛ. Grid-nhyehyɛe tumi. Nneɛma a wɔde si hɔ a ɛma wɔn a wɔkamfo lithium-ion kyerɛ no ho yeraw wɔn kakra.
Enti dɛn nti na ɛnyɛ obiara mfa nni dwuma?
Ahoɔden a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu ne nea ekum no. Batere a ɛsen fa nsu mu no yɛ akɛse. Wohia adan ne afie kɛse ma saa electrolyte tank ahorow no. Wɔ mobile applications anaa space-constrained urban installations ho no, ne titire no ɛyɛ nea ɛnyɛ-starter. Kapital a wɔbɔ ansa na wɔayɛ no dɔɔso sen lithium-ion, ɛwom sɛ wɔn a wɔkamfo kyerɛ no ka sɛ ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ ne wurayɛ ho nyinaa wɔ mfe 25 mu no fa vanadium ho. Na-eyi ne ɔfã a ɛyɛ fɛreɛ-ɛkame ayɛ sɛ deployments akɛse-a ɛkɔ so wɔ China nyinaa. Atɔe Famfo a wɔyɛ nneɛma wɔ hɔ, nanso wɔnsi akan wɔ ɔkwan koro no ara so. Nnuruiɛ.
Amemene a Ɛwɔ Batere no Akyi
A batere a wɔde di dwuma ho nhyehyɛe(BMS) ne nea ɛtetew ahoɔden a wɔkora so agyapade a wɔahyɛ so ne ɛka a ebetumi aba ho. Ɛhwɛ voltage, current, ne temperature ma cell biara a ɛwɔ pack-ɛtɔ da bi a ankorankoro, ɛtɔ da bi nso a wɔ akuo a wɔfrɛ no modules mu. Ɛbu akontaa sɛnea battery no ayɛ ma (batere no ayɛ ma dɛn?) ne akwahosan tebea (aduru dodow ahe na bere kɔ so no asɛe?). Ɛmma sika a wɔbɔ boro so ne nea wɔtow boro so no ano. Ɛdi nkwammoaa a ɛkari pɛ ho dwuma, a ɛho hia sen sɛnea nnipa dodow no ara hu.
Bere kɔ so no, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ batere biara mu no mu tetew. Nkwammoaa bi nyin ntɛmntɛm sen afoforo. Ebinom wɔ emu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no soronko kakra wɔ adwumayɛbea no ho. Sɛ wɔamfa wɔn ho annye mu a, nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara no to tumi a pack no nyinaa betumi de adi dwuma no ano hye. Nneɛma a ɛkari pɛ a ɛyɛ nnam no san kyekyɛ charge wɔ nkwammoaa ntam. Passive balancing systems yi mogya a ɛboro so fi nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ den mu kosi sɛ biribiara bɛyɛ pɛ. Ɔkwan abien no mu biara nyɛ pɛ. Nnipa baanu no nyinaa ye sen sɛ wonni hwee.
Ɔhyew a wɔde di dwuma ne BMS no adwuma foforo a ɛho hia. Lithium-ion batere tan nneɛma a ɛtra so. Awɔw dodo, na nnuru no brɛ ase ma ɛyɛ nea ɛwea; wɔ tebea horow a emu yɛ den mu no, nkwammoaa a ɛyɛ nwini a wɔde charge no betumi asɛe ade daa. Ɔhyew dodo, na woma ɔsɛe no yɛ ntɛmntɛm-anaasɛ nea enye koraa. BMS no ne onwini nhyehyɛe (mframa anaa nsu), ɔhyew, ne ɔdan sohwɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛtrɛw no di nkitaho na ama ɔhyew no akɔ so ayɛ adwuma wɔ mfɛnsere a ahobammɔ wom mu.
Nea AES Nyɛ
Ɛfata sɛ yɛma anohyeto ahorow ho asɛm pefee.
Ahoɔden a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔ akyiri remma sika a wode kanyan wo no nkɔ soro wɔ nhyehyɛe dodow no ara a wɔde tua sika a wɔde tua ho ka mu. Wɔyɛ ɛka a ɛfata-wubetumi de ahyɛ wo dwumadie sikasɛm nhyehyɛeɛ mu-nanso nkannyan akontabuo no taa mfa ho sɛ wode akoraeɛ aka ho anaasɛ womfa nka ho. Sikasɛm mu asɛm a ɛfa AES ho no ɛsɛ sɛ egyina n’ankasa so: ahwehwɛde ho ka a wɔatew so, bere-de-de di dwuma arbitrage, backup power value, ebia kyɛfa a wonya wɔ grid services gua so sɛ wo ho akokwaw a wubetumi adi saa agoru no a.
AES nso rensiesie ɔhaw ahorow a ɛwɔ infrastructure ho. Sɛ wo anyinam ahoɔden dwumadie no nnyɛ yie ampa a, batere bɛtumi atɔ wo berɛ-nanso ɛnyɛ daa adeɛ a ɛbɛsi utility upgrades a ɛfata ananmu. Wɔyɛ mmepɔw a ɛyɛ torotoro; wɔmfa biribiara mfi biribiara mu mma tumi.
Na battery nhyehyɛe biara nni hɔ a wonsiesie-a, ɛmfa ho nea aguadifo binom ka no. Afe afe nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ. Firmware a wɔyɛ no bere ne bere mu. Awiei koraa no awiei-a -asetra ananmu. O&M adesoa no yɛ hare sen diesel generators, akyinnye biara nni ho, nanso ɛnyɛ zero.
Nsusuwii Kakraa a Ɛyera
AES gua no rekɔ so ntɛmntɛm araa ma ebia biribiara a wɔakyerɛw nnɛ no bɛte nka sɛ ɛyɛ bere a atwam wɔ mfe abien mu. Sodium-ion battery rewea akɔ nkɔmmɔbɔ no mu sɛ lithium a wɔde si ananmu a ennyina cobalt anaa, yiw, lithium so. Solid-state battery hyɛ bɔ sɛ ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro ne ogya ho asiane a ɛbɛtew so, ɛwom sɛ nsɛnnennen a ɛwɔ adwumayɛ mu ama wɔakɔ so ayɛ "mfe kakraa bi" daa wɔ aguadi ho. Dade-mframa batere ma tantalizing tumi ma ultra-bere tenten-bere tenten akorae wɔ abotan-ase ka-sɛ wobetumi anya kyinhyia nkwa nna asiesie a.
Nanso mprempren de, sɛ obi bisa nea ahoɔden a wɔkora so a ɛkɔ akyiri yɛ a, mmuae a ɛyɛ nokware ne: batere a nyansa wom. Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ lithium. Ɛtɔ da bi a, flow-gyina. Bere nyinaa wɔde abɔ software a ɛrebɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛma bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔbɔ ka, bere a ɛsɛ sɛ woyi fi mu, ne sɛnea ɛbɛma sikasɛm no ayɛ adwuma no ayɛ papa. Mfiridwuma no nyɛ nkonyaayi-ɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden, nnuruyɛ, ne akontabuo pii kɛkɛ-nanso wɔ dwumadie a ɛfata ho no, ɛbɛtumi ate nka sɛ ɛte saa.