Energy storage system grid compatibility titire no rebisa sɛ saa battery systems yi bɛtumi de ahyɛ anyinam ahoɔden nhyehyɛeɛ a yɛkyekyeree mfeɛ 50-70 a atwam no mu a biribiara nkɔ nkyɛn anaa. Wɔyɛɛ anyinam ahoɔden nhama no maa ɔkwan baako - anyinam ahoɔden fi anyinam ahoɔden mfiri mu kɔ wo fie. Asɛm no awiei. Seesei yɛrebɔ mmɔden sɛ yɛbɛma ayɛ adwuma wɔ batere a ɛde charge, discharge, na ɛdannan abien no ntam wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu.
Mfiridwuma nkyerɛase no kɔ voltage parameters, frequency response, ne harmonics mu. Nanso nea ɛba fam ne sɛ ebia storage system no di agoru fɛfɛɛfɛ wɔ biribiara a aka a ɛka grid no ho. So ebetumi ayɛ ho biribi wɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne a efi grid operator no hɔ ho? So ɛma anyinam ahoɔden dede a ɛma nnwinnade afoforo sɛe ba? So ɛbɛkɔ so agyina pintinn bere a grid tebea horow sesa no?
Nea Enti a Ahoɔhare Ho Hia Sen Tumi
Nnipa dodow no ara de wɔn adwene si ahoɔden dodow a batere betumi de asie so. Ɛno yɛ megawatt- nnɔnhwerew (MWh). Nanso wɔ grid a ɛne ne ho hyia ho no, ahoɔden dodow a ɛwɔ megawatt (MW) mu ne sɛnea ebetumi ayɛ ho biribi ntɛmntɛm no ho hia saa ara.
Hornsdale Power Reserve a ɛwɔ South Australia no daa biribi a ɛho hia adi - wɔn 100 MW/129 MWh Tesla battery a wɔde si hɔ no betumi akɔ soro afi zero akɔ ahoɔden a edi mũ wɔ milisekɔn 140 mu. Amanneɛ kwan so gas peaker adwumayɛbea ahorow hia simma 10-15 na wɔatumi afi ase na wɔatumi ayɛ nea edi mũ. Saa nsonsonoe no yɛ kɛse bere a worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛma grid frequency ayɛ nea ɛyɛ den no. Ɛsɛ sɛ frequency tra 49.9 ne 50.1 Hz ntam wɔ Australia (anaasɛ 59.9-60.1 Hz wɔ Amerika Atifi fam), na devitions a ɛwɔ saa range no akyi no betumi asɛe nnwinnade anaasɛ akanyan cascading huammɔdi. Nsɛm a efi teslamag.de kyerɛe sɛ saa batere yi yɛ n’ade wɔ fango adwumayɛbea akwantu bi ho wɔ South Australia ntɛmntɛm sen nneɛma foforo biara a ɛwɔ grid no so.
Frequency Ɔhaw a Obiara Anhyehyɛ Ho Nhyehyɛe
Grids no tu mmirika wɔ alternating current so, a ɛwosow wɔ frequency pɔtee bi so. Wɔ Amerika Atifi fam no ɛyɛ 60 Hz, wɔ mmeae afoforo dodow no ara no ɛyɛ 50 Hz. Sɛ awo ntoatoaso ne adesoa kari pɛ a, frequency kɔ so yɛ nea ɛyɛ den. Sɛ awo ntoatoaso a ɛyera mpofirim - a anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea bi tu offline - frequency drops. Amanne kwan so nhama dii eyi ho dwuma denam nneɛma a wɔde asie a twitwiw nneɛma so, titiriw no, anyinam ahoɔden mfiri a ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛba fam sen nea ebetumi ayɛ kɛse a ebetumi akɔ soro ntɛmntɛm.
Batere sesaa equation no. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wotumi de ahoɔden hyɛ mu ntɛm ara, nanso sɛ wɔanni so yiye a, wobetumi atwe ahoɔden nso ntɛmntɛm saa ara. Eyi de nsɛnnennen foforo a ɛfa nhyiam ho ba efisɛ wɔyɛɛ grid control nhyehyɛe ahorow no twaa awo ntoatoaso a wɔtaa yɛ no mmuae su a ɛyɛ brɛoo no ho hyiae.
Gyinapɛn a Entumi Nkɔ So
IEEE 1547 ne gyinapɛn titiriw a ɛwɔ U.S. a wɔde bɛka ahoɔden a wɔakyekyɛ no bom. Na ɛsɛ sɛ 2018 update no siesie nsɛm a ɛwɔ 2003 version no ho, a wɔkyerɛwee ansa na battery storage kɛseɛ-scale reba. Nanso 2018 gyinapɛn no mpo nka biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ storage systems yɛ ho asɛm.
California bɔɔ battery a wɔde ahyɛ mu no 10,000 MW wɔ afe 2024 mfitiaseɛ sɛdeɛ California Independent System Operator data a ɛwɔ caiso.com kyerɛ no. Saa nneɛma a wɔde si hɔ no mu dodow no ara yɛ lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) nnuru a ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu bɛyɛ 90-120 Wh/kg. Ɛba fam sen 150-200 Wh/kg a wunya wɔ NMC batere mu, nanso ɛyɛ den kɛse wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn mu na ɛyɛ kyinhyia nkwa a eye ma grid dwumadie.
Ɔhaw no ne sɛ utility biara de wɔn ankasa ahwehwɛde ahorow aka IEEE 1547. Hawaiian Electric wɔ mmara biako. PG&E wɔ ahorow ahorow. Ebia nea ɛyɛ adwuma ma batere a wɔde si hɔ wɔ California no rentumi nni ahwehwɛde ahorow a ɛwɔ Texas anaa New York no ho dwuma. There’s no real standardization, a ɛma scaling up storage bo yɛ den sen sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ.
Inverters Ne Bottleneck Ankasa
Inverter no ne baabi a DC battery ahoɔden dane kɔ AC grid ahoɔden mu. Ɛsan nso yɛ compatibility chokepoint no. Nnɛyi grid-tied inverters hia sɛ wɔyɛ voltage regulation, reactive power support, frequency response, na wɔne grid adwumayɛfoɔ di nkitaho denam protocols te sɛ DNP3 anaa Modbus so. Inverter ahorow bi tumi yɛ eyi nyinaa yiye. Afoforo nso ntumi.
Sɛ wowɔ storage systems pii wɔ distribution circuit koro so a, wɔn inverters no betumi ako atia wɔn ho wɔn ho. Nhyehyɛe biako bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛma ahoɔden a ɛwɔ ahoɔden no akɔ soro, foforo bɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛtew so. Eyi ma oscillations a ebetumi asɛe nnwinnade anaasɛ trip protective relays. Inverters pii a wɔbɛhyehyɛ no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde control system ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa a utilities dodow no ara nnyaa bi da.
Nnwuma Ankasa, Ɔhaw Ankasa
Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility a ɛwɔ California no mprempren yɛ battery a wɔde si hɔ kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa no mu biako - 3,000 MW sɛnea Pacific Gas & Electric nkrataa a ɛwɔ pge.com kyerɛ no. Etumi dan fi full charge so kɔ full discharge so wɔ nea ennu sekan biako mu, na ɛma ɛsom bo ma frequency regulation ne peak demand management.
Nanso na nhyiam a ɛne ne ho hyia no nyɛ nea ɛba ara kwa. Na ɛsɛ sɛ PG&E yɛ transformers ne ahobammɔ mfiri a ɛwɔ interconnection beae no foforo. Ná wohia nhyehyɛe foforo a wɔde di dwuma na ama batere no ne awo ntoatoaso afoforo nneɛma ayɛ biako. Dwumadie no gyee mfeɛ mmiɛnsa firi berɛ a wɔpenee so kɔsii sɛ wɔde yɛɛ adwuma, na wɔde saa berɛ no fã kɛseɛ bi yɛɛ grid nkabom ho adesua ne infrastructure upgrades.
Storage installations nketewa a wɔakyekyɛ no hyia nsɛnnennen ahorow. Ɛsɛ sɛ atrae ne aguadi nhyehyɛe ahorow di UL 9540 ne UL 1973 ahobammɔ gyinapɛn ahorow so. Ɛsɛ sɛ wodi mpɔtam hɔ anyinam ahoɔden ho mmara a ɛsono emu biara wɔ tumidi ahorow ntam no so. Mmeae bi hwehwɛ sɛ wotumi to mu ntɛmntɛm. Afoforo nso hyɛ sɛ wɔmfa switch pɔtee bi a wɔde twa nkitahodi anaasɛ ogya a wɔde siw ogya ano.
Ɛka a Wɔbɔ wɔ Nhyiam Ho
Nkitahodi ahwehwɛde ahorow a wodi ho dwuma no de 15-20% ka ɛka a wɔde asie wɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so nhyehyɛe ho no ho. Ɛno bi ne ahobanbɔ mfiri titiriw, nkitahodi ho nneɛma, ahoɔden pa ho adesua, ne nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ntam nkitahodi ho ka. Wɔ nnwuma nketewa fam no, saa ɛka ahorow yi betumi akum sikasɛm no koraa. Ebia nteaseɛ wɔ aguadi mu nneɛma a wɔkora so a ɛyɛ kWh 500 no mu ma ahwehwɛdeɛ ho ka a wɔbɛtew so, nanso sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wosɛe $50,000 foforɔ wɔ nkitahodiɛ ho ahwehwɛdeɛ ho a, ɛnyɛ saa.
Germany wɔ gyinapɛn ahorow denam VDE so a ɛne IEEE ahwehwɛde ahorow nhyia. Mpɛn pii no, nnwinnade a wɔayɛ ama Amerika Atifi fam gua no hia nsakrae wɔ hardware mu na ama ayɛ adwuma wɔ Europa. Eyi paapae gua no mu na esiw sikasɛm a wɔde yɛ nneɛma pii a ama owia ahoɔden mfiri ho ka so atew no ano.
Nea Ɛba Bere a Batere Anyin
Lithium batere sɛe. Tumi so tew, emu ahoɔden a ɛko tia no kɔ soro, na bere kɔ so no, adwumayɛ so tew. Battery nhyehyɛe a edi grid ahwehwɛde nyinaa ho dwuma bere a ɛyɛ foforo no betumi apere wɔ mfe 5-7 a wɔde sakre a emu yɛ duru ayɛ akyi.
Grid codes nkyerɛ saa ɔsɛe yi ankasa. Ɛsɛ sɛ nhyehyɛe no kɔ so di mmara so wɔ ne mfe 10-15 a wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ ɛbɛtra ase no nyinaa mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde di dwuma no yɛ nsakrae bere a batere no su sesa no. Nneɛma bi a wɔde sie ntɛm no rehyia nsɛm a batere a asɛe no ntumi mma mmuaeɛ berɛ anaa ahoɔden dodoɔ a wɔhyɛɛ bɔ mfitiaseɛ no maa grid adwumayɛfoɔ.
Ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wɔfa so di eyi ho dwuma a ɛyɛ gyinapɛn. Wɔn a wɔyɛ adwuma no binom ma wɔn nhyehyɛe ahorow no kɛse boro so mfiase no, na wɔyɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ wɔbɛsɛe no. Afoforo nso de batere ho nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛsakra sɛnea batere no yɛ adwuma bere a batere no nyin no di dwuma. Nanso eyi de nsɛnnennen ne ɛka a na enni adwumayɛ ho nhwɛso ahorow a edi kan mu no ka ho.
Asɛnnennen a ɛfa Nkabom a Wɔyɛ Foforo Ho
Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ foforo a ɛkɔ soro a ɛkɔ mu no ma akwan a ɛso yɛ toro a ɛsɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔkora so di ho dwuma. Sɛ owia ahoɔden a wɔde yɛ adwuma no sɛe anwummere a, batere ahorow no fi hɔ de hyɛ baabi a ɛda hɔ no ma. Sɛ mframa bɔ mpofirim anadwo biako a, batere ahorow no charge ma ɛtwetwe awo ntoatoaso a ɛboro so no.
Eyi a wɔbɛhyehyɛ wɔ ankorankoro akorae nhyehyɛe mpempem pii mu no yɛ ɔhaw a wɔde di dwuma a grids nhyiaa bi da. Wohia bere ankasa-bere sohwɛ, nkitahodi a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm, ne algorithms a ebetumi ama nneɛma a wɔde mena no ayɛ papa wɔ nneɛma a wɔakyekyɛ mu. Mpɔtam bi rekyekye saa tumi ahorow yi. Afoforo da so ara de nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde di dwuma fi 1980 mfe no mu a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ entumi nni awo ntoatoaso a wɔtaa de di dwuma no ho dwuma, na kampɛsɛ batere mpempem pii a ebetumi asesa wɔn ahoɔden wɔ milisekɔn mu.
Infrastructure a Obiara Mpɛ sɛ Ɔde Sika De Ma
Wɔn a wɔkamfo nneɛma a wɔkora so kyerɛ no ka batere a ɛma ahoɔden a wɔyɛ no foforo tumi yɛ adwuma ho asɛm. Ɛno yɛ nokware sɛ grid infrastructure no tumi di bidirectional power flow ho dwuma nkutoo a. Wɔ mmeae pii no, entumi nyɛ saa. Wɔyɛɛ distribution transformers maa ɔkwan biako-kwan tumi a ɛsen. Ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow fa no sɛ mfomso current fi transmission system no mu, na ɛnyɛ battery a ɛwɔ distribution network no so.
Saa nhyehyɛe yi a wɔbɛma ayɛ yiye no gye ɔpepepem pii. Nnwumakuw a wɔde nneɛma di dwuma no mpɛ sɛ wɔbɛsɛe sika wɔ nneɛma a wɔayɛ no foforo a ebia ɛrentua so mfe du du pii no ho. Mmarahyɛfo bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛpene sika a wɔbɛma akɔ soro ama nnwuma a adetɔfo nhu tẽẽ no so. Enti compatibility anohyeto ahorow kɔ so efisɛ fapem no nni hɔ a ɛbɛboa nea storage systems betumi ayɛ.
Baabi a Nneɛma Gyina
Australia ne California asua pii afa grid-scale storage integration ho sen baabi foforo biara. Wɔn deployments akɛse no daa ɔhaw ahorow a na ɛnda adi wɔ pilot projects mu adi. Wɔayɛ gyinapɛn a eye, nhyehyɛe a wɔde di dwuma a wɔatu mpɔn, na wɔatete adwumayɛfo a wɔde nneɛma di dwuma a wɔte sɛnea wɔde grids a ɛwɔ nneɛma a wɔkora so kɛse di dwuma ase.
Nanso amansan nyinaa agodie nhoma biara nni hɔ. Ebia nea ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ South Australia a ne grid a atew ne ho no mfa Texas a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe kɛse a ɛka bom no ho. California kwan a wɔfa so di nneɛma a wɔkora so ho dwuma no nkyerɛ ase tẽẽ nkɔ mpɔtam a ɛsono gua nhyehyɛe anaa mmara nhyehyɛe.
Energy storage system grid compatibility da so ara yɛ adwuma a ɛrekɔ so. Mfiridwuma no wɔ hɔ. Gyinapɛn ahorow renya nkɔso. Osuahu reboaboa ano. Nanso sɛ wɔbɛma batere ayɛ adwuma wɔ ɔkwan a wotumi de ho to so wɔ anyinam ahoɔden nhama a wɔannwene amma wɔn so a, egye bere, sika, ne ahyehyɛde mu adesua a wontumi mfa ahopere. Mpɔtam binom behu no ntɛmntɛm asen afoforo, na wɔn a wɔnyɛ saa no betua ɛka kɛse wɔ grids a wontumi mfa wɔn ho nto so kɛse ho sen sɛnea anka wobetumi anya.